Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel systems integrating different types of stem cells and scaffolding biomaterials have an important application in tissue engineering. The biomimetic hydrogels that pattern cell suspensions within 3D configurations of biomaterial networks allow for the transport of bioactive factors and mimic the stem cell niche in vivo, thereby supporting the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. The composition of a 3D hydrogel system determines the physical and chemical characteristics that regulate stem cell function through a biological mechanism. Here, we discuss the natural and synthetic hydrogel compositions that have been employed in 3D scaffolding, focusing on their characteristics, fabrication, biocompatibility, and regulatory effects on stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell interaction in stem cell activities in various types of 3D hydrogel systems. Understanding hydrogel compositions and their cellular mechanisms can yield insights into how scaffolding biomaterials and stem cells interact and can lead to the development of novel hydrogel systems of stem cells in tissue engineering and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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三维水凝胶系统的组成和调控干细胞命运的机制。

集成不同类型干细胞和支架生物材料的三维 (3D) 水凝胶系统在组织工程中具有重要应用。仿生水凝胶在生物材料网络的 3D 配置中形成细胞悬浮液，允许生物活性因子的运输并模拟体内干细胞生态位，从而支持干细胞的增殖和分化。3D 水凝胶系统的组成决定了通过生物机制调节干细胞功能的物理和化学特性。在这里，我们讨论了已用于 3D 支架的天然和合成水凝胶组合物，重点是它们的特性、制造、生物相容性以及对干细胞增殖和分化的调节作用。我们还讨论了各种类型的 3D 水凝胶系统中干细胞活动中细胞-基质相互作用和细胞-细胞相互作用的调节机制。