OBJECTIVES To evaluate if "mirrored ribs"-a mirroring of chest structures-is a sign for pneumothorax in lung ultrasound in neonates. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Medical University Vienna/General Hospital, Vienna, Austria. PATIENTS All neonates admitted with clinical signs of pneumothorax between July 2018 and February 2019. INTERVENTIONS Chest radiograph and lung ultrasound in succession. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Anterior-posterior chest radiograph and lung ultrasound were compared. "Mirrored ribs" were defined as mirroring of at least one rib and intercostal muscles in B-mode in the absence of B-lines. Twenty-nine cases in 26 patients were considered. Pneumothorax was diagnosed in 55% of cases using reported signs for pneumothorax in lung ultrasound and in 31% using chest radiograph. Lung ultrasound identified all pneumothoraces visible in chest radiograph. "Mirrored ribs" were visible in all patients with signs for pneumothorax and in none without signs for pneumothorax in lung ultrasound, representing a specificity and sensitivity of 100% compared with reported signs for pneumothorax in lung ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of "mirrored ribs" in lung ultrasound in combination with absence of lung sliding, absence of B-lines and lung point might facilitate the rapid recognition of pneumothorax in neonates.

中文翻译：

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镜像肋骨：新生儿气胸的标志。

目的评估新生儿肺部超声检查中“气肋”（胸部结构的镜像）是否是气胸的标志。设计回顾性研究。地点维也纳医科大学/总医院，奥地利维也纳。患者在2018年7月至2019年2月之间，所有新生儿均患有气胸的临床症状。干预措施连续进行胸部X光片和肺部超声检查。测量和主要结果比较了前后胸片和肺超声。“镜像肋骨”定义为在不存在B线的情况下，至少一种肋骨和肋间肌肉在B模式下的镜像。考虑26例患者中的29例。在报告的55％的病例中，肺部超声诊断为气胸，而在胸部X线检查中诊断为气胸。肺部超声检查可识别出胸片中可见的所有气胸。在肺部超声检查中，所有有气胸症状的患者均可见“镜肋”，而在无肺气肿迹象的患者中均未见“镜肋”，与肺超声中报告的气胸症状相比，其特异性和敏感性为100％。结论肺部超声中“镜肋”的发生与不存在肺滑行，B线和肺点不存在可能促进新生儿气胸的快速识别。与肺超声中气胸的报道体征相比，具有100％的特异性和敏感性。结论肺部超声中“镜肋”的出现与不存在肺滑动，B线和肺点不存在可能有助于新生儿快速识别气胸。与肺超声中气胸的报道体征相比，具有100％的特异性和敏感性。结论肺部超声中“镜肋”的出现与不存在肺滑动，B线和肺点不存在可能有助于新生儿快速识别气胸。