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Ecosystem restoration in fire-managed savanna woodlands: Effects on biodiversity, local livelihoods and fire intensity.
Ambio ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 , DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01343-7
Maria Ulrika Johansson 1, 2 , Firew Bekele Abebe 3 , Sileshi Nemomissa 4 , Tamrat Bekele 4 , Kristoffer Hylander 1, 2
Affiliation  

Ethiopia aims to restore 15 million ha degraded forests and woodlands, but effects on the potentially contrasting goals of long-term carbon storage, biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods are unknown. To quantify the effects of grazing exclusion on vegetation and fire behaviour, we established six 30 × 30 m fenced exclosures with grazed controls, in a mesic wooded savanna. Experimental burns were done after 1.5 years. Tree seedlings were few but more common inside fences. Field layer cover and biomass increased inside fences, and grass species increased in numbers and cover. Fire intensity was higher inside fences, killing shrubs and saplings but not mature trees. Interviews confirmed that overgrazing has resulted in “cool fires”, causing shrub encroachment. High-intensity fires occurred in the 1980s after a zoonotic disease killed most livestock. Short-term increase in carbon storage through fire and grazing exclusion may lead to loss of pasture, and in the long-term increased wildfire risk.



中文翻译:

火灾管理稀树草原林地的生态系统恢复:对生物多样性、当地生计和火灾强度的影响。

埃塞俄比亚的目标是恢复 1500 万公顷退化的森林和林地,但对长期碳储存、生物多样性和可持续生计等可能相互矛盾的目标的影响尚不清楚。为了量化放牧排斥对植被和火灾行为的影响,我们在一片茂密的树木繁茂的稀树草原上建立了六个 30 × 30 m 带放牧控制的围栏围栏。1.5 年后进行了实验性烧伤。树苗很少,但在栅栏内更常见。围栏内的田间层覆盖和生物量增加,草种的数量和覆盖度增加。围栏内的火灾强度更高,烧毁了灌木和树苗,但没有烧毁成熟的树木。采访证实,过度放牧导致“冷火””,造成灌木侵占。1980 年代人畜共患病杀死了大多数牲畜后,发生了高强度火灾。通过火灾和放牧排斥在短期内增加碳储存可能会导致牧场丧失,并在长期内增加野火风险。

更新日期:2020-05-25
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