Error-based and reward-based processes are critical for motor learning, and are thought to be supported via distinct neural pathways. However, recent behavioral work in humans suggests that both learning processes are supported by cognitive strategies and that these contribute to individual differences in motor learning ability. While it has been speculated that medial temporal lobe regions may support this strategic component to learning, direct evidence is lacking. Here we first show that faster and more complete learning during error-based visuomotor adaptation is associated with better learning during reward-based shaping of reaching movements. This result suggests that strategic processes, linked to faster and better learning, drive individual differences in both error-based and reward-based motor learning. We then show that right entorhinal cortex volume was larger in good learning individuals, classified across both motor learning tasks, compared to their poorer learning counterparts. This suggests that strategic processes underlying both error- and reward-based learning are linked to neuroanatomical differences in entorhinal cortex.

中文翻译：

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基于错误和基于奖励的人类运动学习的变化与内嗅量相关并相关

基于错误的过程和基于奖励的过程对于运动学习至关重要，并且可以通过不同的神经途径得到支持。然而，最近在人类的行为工作表明，这两种学习过程都受到认知策略的支持，并且这些都导致了运动学习能力的个体差异。尽管已经推测内侧颞叶区域可能支持学习的这一战略组成部分，但缺乏直接的证据。在这里，我们首先表明，在基于错误的视觉运动适应过程中更快，更完整的学习与在达到奖励的动作的基于奖励的塑造过程中的更好学习相关。这一结果表明，与更快更好的学习相关的战略性过程会推动基于错误的学习和基于奖励的运动学习中的个体差异。然后，我们显示，与学习能力较差的人相比，在两个运动学习任务中都被归类为良好学习者的右内嗅皮质体积更大。这表明基于错误和基于奖励的学习的战略过程与内嗅皮层的神经解剖学差异相关。