Woolly apple aphid (WAA, Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of apple trees (Malus domestica, order Rosales) and is critical to the economics of the apple industry in most parts of the world. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of WAA - representing the first genome sequence from the aphid subfamily Eriosomatinae - using a combination of 10X Genomics linked-reads and in vivo Hi-C data. The final genome assembly is 327 Mb, with 91% of the assembled sequences anchored into six chromosomes. The contig and scaffold N50 values are 158 kb and 71 Mb, respectively, and we predicted a total of 28,186 protein-coding genes. The assembly is highly complete, including 97% of conserved arthropod single-copy orthologues based on BUSCO analysis. Phylogenomic analysis of WAA and nine previously published aphid genomes, spanning four aphid tribes and three subfamilies, reveals that the tribe Eriosomatini (represented by WAA) is recovered as a sister group to Aphidini + Macrosiphini (subfamily Aphidinae). We identified syntenic blocks of genes between our WAA assembly and the genomes of other aphid species and find that two WAA chromosomes (El5 and El6) map to the conserved Macrosiphini and Aphidini X chromosome. Our high-quality WAA genome assembly and annotation provides a valuable resource for research in a broad range of areas such as comparative and population genomics, insect-plant interactions and pest resistance management.

中文翻译：

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羊毛苹果蚜Erioiosoma lanigerum（Hausmann）（半翅目：蚜科）的染色体级基因组装配

苹果树蚜（WAA，Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann）（半翅目：蚜科），是苹果树的主要害虫（Malus domestica）（向Rosales订购），对于世界大多数地区的苹果产业的经济至关重要。在这里，我们使用10X Genomics连锁阅读和体内Hi-C数据的组合，生成了WAA的染色体级基因组装配-代表了蚜虫亚科Eriosomatinae的第一个基因组序列。最终的基因组组装为327 Mb，其中91％的组装序列锚定在6条染色体中。重叠群和支架的N50值分别为158 kb和71 Mb，我们预测共有28186个蛋白质编码基因。组装非常完整，根据BUSCO分析，其中包括97％的节肢动物单拷贝直系同源物种。对WAA和9个先前发表的蚜虫基因组进行了系统生物学分析，涵盖了四个蚜虫部落和三个亚科，揭示了埃里奥索马蒂尼部落（由WAA代表）是作为蚜虫+巨Macro蚜（蚜科亚科）的姊妹群体被发现的。我们在我们的WAA装配体与其他蚜虫物种的基因组之间鉴定了同系基因块，并发现两条WAA染色体（El5和El6）映射到保守的Macrosiphini和Aphidini X染色体。我们高质量的WAA基因组装配和注释为广泛领域的研究提供了宝贵的资源，例如比较和种群基因组学，昆虫与植物的相互作用以及抗虫性管理。