At present, meteorites collected in Antarctica dominate the total number of the world's known meteorites. We focus here on the scientific advances in cosmochemistry and planetary science that have been enabled by access to, and investigations of, these Antarctic meteorites. A meteorite recovered during one of the earliest field seasons of systematic searches, Elephant Moraine (EET) A79001, was identified as having originated on Mars based on the composition of gases released from shock melt pockets in this rock. Subsequently, the first lunar meteorite, Allan Hills (ALH) 81005, was also recovered from the Antarctic. Since then, many more meteorites belonging to these two classes of planetary meteorites, as well as other previously rare or unknown classes of meteorites (particularly primitive chondrites and achondrites), have been recovered from Antarctica. Studies of these samples are providing unique insights into the origin and evolution of the Solar System and planetary bodies.

中文翻译：

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南极陨石促成的宇宙化学进展

目前，在南极洲收集到的陨石在世界已知陨石总数中占主导地位。我们在此关注宇宙化学和行星科学方面的科学进步，这些进步是通过获取和调查这些南极陨石而实现的。在系统搜索最早的野外季节之一中发现的陨石，大象冰碛（EET）A79001，根据从这块岩石中的冲击熔囊释放的气体成分确定起源于火星。随后，第一颗月球陨石Allan Hills (ALH) 81005也从南极发现。从那时起，更多属于这两类行星陨石的陨石，以及其他以前罕见或未知的陨石类别（特别是原始球粒陨石和无球粒陨石），已从南极洲回收。对这些样本的研究提供了对太阳系和行星体的起源和演化的独特见解。