Increasing attention is being given to plant biostimulants as a sustainable farming practice aimed to enhance vegetable crop performance. This research was conducted on greenhouse-grown perennial wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.), comparing three biostimulant treatments (legume-derived protein hydrolysates, Trichoderma harzianum T22, and protein hydrolysates + Trichoderma harzianum T22) plus an untreated control, in a factorial combination with three cropping seasons (autumn–winter, winter, winter–spring). Measurements were performed on leaf yield components, colorimetric indicators, mineral composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. Leaf marketable yield and mean weight, as well as plant dry weight, showed the highest values in winter crop cycle. Biostimulant treatments resulted in 18.4% and 26.4% increase in leaf yield and number of leaves per rosette, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Protein hydrolysates led to the highest plant dry weight (+34.7% compared to the control). Soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index as well as NO₃, PO₄, SO₄, and Ca contents were influenced more during the winter–spring season than the winter cropping season. The winter production season resulted in a 19.8% increase in the leaf lipophilic antioxidant activity, whereas the hydrophilic antioxidant activity was 34.9% higher during the winter–spring season. SPAD index was the highest with protein hydrolysates + Trichoderma applications, which also increased the colorimetric parameters compared to the untreated control. The treatment with protein hydrolysates + Trichoderma enhanced N, PO₄, Mg, and Na contents, compared to both biostimulants applied singly and to the untreated control. Both biostimulants applied alone or the protein hydrolysates + Trichoderma combination led to the increase of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant activity, as well as ascorbic acid and chlorophyll b, compared to the untreated control. The present research revealed that protein hydrolysates and Trichoderma single applications, and even more their combination in the case of some nutrients content, represent an effective tool for enhancing the yield and the quality attributes of perennial wall rocket produced under the perspective of sustainable crop system.

中文翻译：

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Diplotaxis tenuifolia（L.）DC。产量和品质受作物季节，蛋白水解物和木霉应用的影响。

作为一种旨在提高蔬菜作物性能的可持续耕作方法，人们越来越重视植物生物刺激剂。这项研究是在温室栽培的多年生壁挂式火箭（Diplotaxis tenuifolia（L.）DC。）上进行的，比较了三种生物刺激剂处理方法（豆类衍生的蛋白水解物，哈茨木霉T22和蛋白水解物+哈茨木霉）T22）加上未经处理的对照，以及三个作物季节（秋季－冬季，冬季，冬季－春季）的阶乘组合。对叶片产量成分，比色指示剂，矿物质组成，生物活性化合物和抗氧化活性进行了测量。在冬季作物周期中，可销售的叶片产量，平均重量以及植物干重显示出最高值。与未处理的对照相比，生物刺激剂处理分别使叶片产量和每朵玫瑰花结的叶片数增加了18.4％和26.4％。蛋白质水解物导致最高的植物干重（与对照相比增加了34.7％）。土壤植物分析发展指数（SPAD）以及NO ₃，PO ₄，SO ₄，而钙的含量在冬春季节比冬作季节受到的影响更大。冬季生产季节使叶片的亲脂抗氧化活性增加了19.8％，而在冬春季节，亲水抗氧化活性提高了34.9％。在蛋白质水解物+木霉的应用下，SPAD指数最高，与未处理的对照相比，它的色度参数也有所提高。与单独施用的生物刺激剂和未处理的对照相比，用蛋白质水解物+木霉处理可以提高N，PO ₄，Mg和Na含量。两种生物刺激剂均可单独使用或蛋白水解物+木霉与未处理的对照相比，这种组合导致亲脂性和亲水性抗氧化剂活性以及抗坏血酸和叶绿素b的增加。本研究表明，蛋白质水解物和木霉的单一应用，以及在某些营养成分含量的情况下甚至更多地结合使用，代表了在可持续作物系统的角度下提高多年生壁挂式火箭的产量和质量属性的有效工具。