The study investigates the impact of pore structure parameters of three chemically non-active filtration materials on the auto-activation time and the height of the filtration zone for manganese removal from groundwater. At a technical scale, the activation is a long process which may require a period of up to three months. The process can be shortened by the use of porous filtration materials. In this study, three filtration materials (silica sand, chalcedonite sand, GAC—granulated activated carbon) were investigated using subcritical nitrogen adsorption and mercury injection capillary pressure measurements. These methods provide a comprehensive evaluation of pore structure parameters, including specific surface area (SSA), micro- and mesopore volumes, and an extended range of pore size distribution (PSD). The studied materials provided a wide range of micro- and mesopore volumes as well as SSA. In order to investigate the auto-activation time of filtration material—the time required to achieve the requested quality of the filtrate—and the height of the filtration zone, a pilot experiment was conducted for 1950 h. The pilot installation consisted of three-meters-high (10 cm diameter) filtration columns filled with the tested filtration materials. The results indicate that the internal pore structure and the investigated auto-activation parameters are correlated. Both auto-activation time and the size of the filtration zone were influenced by the mesopore volume and the associated SSA of the tested materials. The micropore volume was less effective in improving the autoactivation parameters. The research results indicated the importance of pore structure characteristics which should be considered prior to time-consuming pilot and technological tests.

中文翻译：

---

过滤材料的微观结构对其自活化去除地下水中锰的影响

该研究调查了三种化学非活性过滤材料的孔结构参数对自活化时间和从地下水中去除锰的过滤区高度的影响。在技​​术规模上，激活是一个漫长的过程，可能需要长达三个月的时间。通过使用多孔过滤材料可以缩短该过程。在这项研究中，使用亚临界氮吸附和水银注入毛细管压力测量研究了三种过滤材料（硅砂，黄铜矿砂，GAC粒状活性炭）。这些方法可全面评估孔结构参数，包括比表面积（SSA），微孔和中孔体积以及扩展的孔径分布范围（PSD）。所研究的材料提供了广泛的微孔和中孔体积以及SSA。为了研究过滤材料的自动活化时间（达到要求的滤液质量所需​​的时间）和过滤区的高度，进行了1950 h的中试实验。中试装置由三米高（直径10厘米）的过滤柱组成，里面装有经过测试的过滤材料。结果表明内部孔隙结构和研究的自动激活参数是相关的。自动活化时间和过滤区的大小都受中孔体积和被测材料的相关SSA的影响。微孔体积在改善自激活参数方面不太有效。