Age-related cognitive failure is a main devastating incident affecting even healthy people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the utmost common form of dementia among the geriatric community. In the pathogenesis of AD, cerebrovascular dysfunction is revealed before the beginning of the cognitive decline. Mounting proof shows a precarious impact of cerebrovascular dysregulation in the development of AD pathology. Recent studies document that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a crucial effector of cerebrovascular dysregulation in AD. The mTOR contributes to brain vascular dysfunction and subsequence cerebral blood flow deficits as well as cognitive impairment. Furthermore, mTOR causes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in AD models. Inhibition of mTOR hyperactivity protects the BBB integrity in AD. Furthermore, mTOR drives cognitive defect and cerebrovascular dysfunction, which are greatly prevalent in AD, but the central molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations are obscure. This review represents the crucial and current research findings regarding the role of mTOR signaling in cognitive aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.

中文翻译：

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mTOR 信号在阿尔茨海默病认知衰老和脑血管功能障碍中的多种作用

与年龄相关的认知障碍是一种主要的破坏性事件，甚至会影响健康人。阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是老年社区中最常见的痴呆症。在 AD 的发病机制中，脑血管功能障碍是在认知能力下降开始之前显露出来的。越来越多的证据表明脑血管失调在 AD 病理学发展中的不稳定影响。最近的研究证明，哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白 (mTOR) 是 AD 脑血管失调的关键效应物。mTOR 会导致脑血管功能障碍和后续脑血流缺陷以及认知障碍。此外，mTOR 会导致 AD 模型中的血脑屏障 (BBB) 崩溃。抑制 mTOR 过度活跃可保护 AD 中的 BBB 完整性。此外，mTOR 导致认知缺陷和脑血管功能障碍，这在 AD 中非常普遍，但这些改变背后的核心分子机制尚不清楚。本综述代表了关于 mTOR 信号在 AD 发病机制中的认知衰老和脑血管功能障碍中的作用的关键和当前研究结果。