Abstract Pleurotus tuoliensis (Bailinggu) is a precious mushroom species cultivated industrially in eastern Asia. The long cropping cycle, high deformity rate, and low yield are the major bottlenecks for its widespread cultivation. There is thus a need for improved P. tuoliensis cultivars. In the present study, interspecific crossing of monokaryons between P. tuoliensis and P. eryngii was carried out. Six out of nine pairings were observed to result in clamp connections. Dikaryotized regions within a mating Petri dish varied considerably with the compatible pairings. A total of nine hybrids were isolated within the junction zone and on the periphery at either sides of the paired colonies from three selected crosses. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) profiles, together with ITS sequencing revealed significant genetic differences between the nine selected hybrids with parental strains. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification revealed that the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA was uniparental between these two species. Of nine crossbred strains, six were selected for fruiting test. Compared with their parental P. tuoliensis strains, all the six tested hybrids fruited faster, and three hybrids showed improved biological efficiency compared to their parents, either P. tuoliensis or P. eryngii. Two hybrids (Ht-26 and He-26) formed a white-colored fruit body, with improved biological efficiency (62.5 %–64.2 %) compared to parents P. tuoliensis (41.8 %) and P. eryngii (52.1 %), and thus hold great potential as new cultivars for the commercial production of P. tuoliensis.

中文翻译：

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高商业潜力蘑菇平菇与其近缘杏鲍菇种间交配选育和结果评价

摘要 托里平菇（白灵菇）是东亚地区工业化栽培的珍贵菌种。种植周期长、畸形率高、产量低是其广泛栽培的主要瓶颈。因此需要改良的托里松栽培品种。在本研究中，进行了 P. tuoliensis 和 P. eryngii 之间单核细胞的种间杂交。观察到九个配对中有六个导致钳位连接。交配培养皿内的双核化区域因兼容配对而有很大差异。从三个选定的杂交中，在配对菌落两侧的连接区和外围共分离出九个杂种。内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 限制性片段长度多态性 (ITS-RFLP) 配置文件，连同 ITS 测序揭示了九个选定的杂种与亲本菌株之间的显着遗传差异。聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 扩增表明，线粒体 DNA 的遗传在这两个物种之间是单亲的。在 9 个杂交菌株中，选择了 6 个进行结果试验。与它们的亲本 P. tuoliensis 菌株相比，所有 6 个测试的杂种结果都更快，三个杂种与其亲本 P. tuoliensis 或 P. eryngii 相比显示出更高的生物学效率。两个杂种（Ht-26 和 He-26）形成白色子实体，与亲本 P. tuoliensis (41.8 %) 和 P. eryngii (52.1 %) 相比，生物效率提高 (62.5 %–64.2 %)，和因此，作为托里松商业化生产的新品种具有很大的潜力。