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Two-phase liquid-immersion data center cooling system: Experimental performance and thermoeconomic analysis
International Journal of Refrigeration ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.05.026
Baris Burak Kanbur , Chenlong Wu , Simiao Fan , Wei Tong , Fei Duan

The liquid-cooling data center (DC) systems have been becoming important for the rapidly developing high-performance processors since the traditional air-cooled DC systems cannot efficiently manage them due to high heat dissipation rates. Two-phase liquid-immersion cooling is one of the promising direct liquid-cooled DC systems, but its system-scale thermal management performance has not been investigated in detail yet. This study performs the system-scale thermal management of a two-phase liquid-immersion cooling DC system under six different real-time and dynamic operation loads in the range of 3.43-9.17 kW to see the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic performances. The system includes the DC server tank, circulation pump, and dry tower. Results show that the best coefficient of performance (COP) and power usage effectiveness (PUE) values are seen at the highest operation load with 6.67 and 1.15 while the minimum COP and the highest PUE are seen at the lowest operation load with 2.5 and 1.4, respectively. In the component-based assessments, the dry tower is found as the most dominant component according to the exergy destruction ratio analysis, energy costing, and carbon-related costs. The exergy efficiency varies between 8.0% and 18.9% for different operation loads, and the operating temperatures have a crucial impact on the exergetic performances. The thermoeconomic analysis deduces that the levelized product cost is roundly 1.14 S$ · h-1 which means the exergy-related terms (e.g. destruction and loss) increase the costing trends 3.25 times as high compared to the traditional energy-based economic calculations.



中文翻译:

两相液浸数据中心冷却系统:实验性能和热经济学分析

液体冷却数据中心(DC)系统对于快速发展的高性能处理器已经变得越来越重要,因为传统的空冷DC系统由于高散热率而无法有效地对其进行管理。两相液浸冷却是有前途的直接液冷直流系统之一,但尚未对其系统规模的热管理性能进行详细研究。本研究在3.43-9.17 kW范围内的六个不同实时和动态运行负载下,对两相液浸冷却DC系统进行了系统规模的热管理,以了解其热力学和热经济性能。该系统包括直流服务器水箱,循环泵和干塔。结果表明,最佳性能系数(COP)和功率使用效率(PUE)值分别在最高运行负载为6.67和1.15时看到,而最低COP和最高PUE在最低运行负载为2.5和1.4时看到。在基于成分的评估中,根据火用破坏率分析,能源成本和碳相关成本,干塔被认为是最主要的成分。对于不同的操作负载,其能效效率在8.0%至18.9%之间变化,并且操作温度对能效性能具有至关重要的影响。热经济分析得出,平整的产品成本约为1.14 S $·h -1 这意味着与火用相关的术语(例如破坏和损失)使成本趋势趋于传统的基于能源的经济计算的3.25倍。

更新日期:2020-05-30
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