This paper aims to analyze how the consequences of natural disasters affect gender relations in socioeconomic terms. To meet this objective, we quantitatively analyzed the effect of the earthquake that occurred in Haiti in 2010 based on data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

To measure the impact of the 2010 earthquake we used the differences in differences (DID) technique. The estimation shows how the negative effects of the disaster differed across regions, increasing with the intensity of the earthquake's impact, and that this was significantly statistically related to the wealth of families, regardless of the gender of the head of the family. However, we also observed that these negative effects were further intensified when the head of the household was a woman, thus increasing the gap between the wealth of female- and male-headed households.

The conclusions drawn from this work reinforce the idea that natural disasters have a more negative impact on women and, specifically, on the economic possibilities of female-headed households, and show that, at least in Haiti, the enormous gender inequalities that existed prior to the earthquake do not diminish postdisaster, but are indeed exaggerated. These findings have important political implications that should not be ignored.

本文旨在从社会经济角度分析自然灾害的后果如何影响性别关系。为了实现这一目标，我们根据美国国际开发署（USAID）制定的人口与健康调查（DHS）数据，定量分析了2010年海地地震的影响。

为了衡量2010年地震的影响，我们使用了差异差异（DID）技术。该估计表明，灾难的负面影响在各个地区之间是如何不同的，随着地震影响的强度而增加，并且这在统计上与家庭财富显着相关，而与家庭成员的性别无关。但是，我们还观察到，当一家之主为女性时，这些负面影响会进一步加剧，从而增加了以女性为户主和以男性为户主的家庭之间的贫富差距。

这项工作得出的结论强化了这样一种观念，即自然灾害对妇女，特别是对以女性为户主的家庭的经济可能性具有更大的负面影响，并且表明，至少在海地，之前存在着巨大的性别不平等现象。地震并没有减少灾难的发生，但是确实被夸大了。这些发现具有重要的政治含义，不容忽视。