Abstract The aim was to decipher the temporal impact of key interacting climate change (CC) abiotic factors of temperature (30 vs 37 °C), water activity (aw; 0.985 vs 0.930) and CO2 exposure (400 vs 1000 ppm) on (a) growth of Aspergillus flavus and effects on (b) gene expression of a structural (aflD) and key regulatory gene (aflR) involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days. A. flavus grew and produced AFB1 very early with toxin detected after only 48 h. Both growth and toxin production were significantly impacted by the interacting abiotic factors. The relative expression of the aflD gene was significantly influenced by temperature; aflR gene expression was mainly modulated by time. However, no clear relationship was observed for both genes with AFB1 production over the experimental time frame. The optimum temperature for AFB1 production was 30 °C. Maximum AFB1 production occurred between days 4–8. Exposure to higher CO2 conditions simulating forecasted CC conditions resulted in the amount of AFB1 produced in elevated temperature (37 °C) being higher than with the optimum temperature (30 °C) showing a potential for increased risk for human/animal health due to higher accumulation of this toxin.

中文翻译：

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揭示相互作用的预测非生物因素对黄曲霉生长和黄曲霉毒素 B1 生产动力学的影响

摘要 目的是破译关键的相互作用气候变化 (CC) 非生物因素温度（30 对 37 °C）、水分活度（aw；0.985 对 0.930）和 CO2 暴露（400 对 1000 ppm）对（a ) 黄曲霉的生长和对 (b) 参与黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1) 生物合成的结构 (aflD) 和关键调控基因 (aflR) 的基因表达的影响，以及 (c) 在酵母提取物蔗糖培养基上一段时间内 AFB1 的产生10天。A. flavus 很早就生长并产生 AFB1，仅在 48 小时后检测到毒素。生长和毒素产生都受到相互作用的非生物因素的显着影响。aflD基因的相对表达受温度影响显着；aflR 基因表达主要受时间调节。然而，在实验时间范围内，没有观察到两种基因与 AFB1 产生的明确关系。AFB1 生产的最佳温度是 30 °C。最大 AFB1 产量发生在第 4-8 天之间。暴露于模拟预测 CC 条件的较高 CO2 条件导致高温 (37 °C) 下产生的 AFB1 量高于最佳温度 (30 °C)这种毒素的积累。