Growing evidence emphasizes the importance of meditation and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in clinical settings. Here, we attempted to determine the clinical issues targeted by Cochrane reviews of meditation and MBIs and whether the judgements about quality/certainty as expressed by the Cochrane authors differed from that of non-Cochrane reviews and guidelines. The search database was the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the search date was December 31, 2019. Screening and selection of reviews was carried out by two independent authors. Overall, 20 reviews and four protocols were selected for this study. The effects of meditation and/or MBIs on various conditions described in the Cochrane reviews seemed ambiguous, with the exception of mindfulness-based stress reduction in breast cancer patients. However, we found some international clinical practice guidelines and latest non-Cochrane reviews describing meditation and MBIs to be more comprehensive and favorable. This gap is likely due to the priority-setting issues, which resulted in a lack of latest up-to-date evidence, as well as gaps in interventions of interest between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews.

越来越多的证据强调冥想和基于正念的干预（MBIs）在临床环境中的重要性。在这里，我们试图确定 Cochrane 系统评价冥想和 MBI 所针对的临床问题，以及 Cochrane 作者表达的关于质量/确定性的判断是否与非 Cochrane 系统评价和指南不同。检索数据库为 Cochrane 系统评价数据库，检索日期为 2019 年 12 月 31 日。综述的筛选和选择由两位独立作者进行。总体而言，本研究选择了 20 篇评论和 4 种方案。冥想和/或 MBI 对 Cochrane 评论中描述的各种情况的影响似乎模棱两可，但乳腺癌患者基于正念的压力减轻除外。然而，我们发现一些描述冥想和 MBI 的国际临床实践指南和最新的非 Cochrane 评论更加全面和有利。这一差距可能是由于优先级设置问题导致缺乏最新的最新证据，以及 Cochrane 和非 Cochrane 评价之间感兴趣的干预措施的差距。