Seed aging is a complex and irreversible process during seed development and storage. The quality of parental seeds affects yield and quality of hybrid rice seeds directly. However, little is known about the mechanism of the accelerated aging seeds in hybrid rice photoperiod-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines. RNA-Seq technique was performed by using seed embryos of two PTGMS lines, Y58S (YS) and Zhun S (ZS), under the restrictive conditions (95% relative humidity and 45 °C) for 0 day, 5 days, 7 days, and 10 days. In total, 1198, 487, 1308, 396, and 669 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between adjacent time periods of accelerated aging treatment in the ZS and YS. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed the DEGs enriched in the starch catabolic process and sucrose catabolic process. It also showed that many genes were enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, 34 candidate genes were selected to the following phylogenetic analysis and different gene expression profiles. Finally, several key candidate genes of seed aging were identified, containing a rice sucrose synthase Os07g0616800 and an unknown gene Os12g0161500, by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, these results established a good foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of rice seed storability and also provide new insights into the PTMGS line seed storage.

中文翻译：

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加速老化下两种水稻（Oryza sativa L.）雄性不育系种子胚胎的比较转录组学分析

种子老化是种子发育和储存过程中一个复杂且不可逆的过程。亲本种子的质量直接影响杂交水稻种子的产量和质量。然而，关于杂交水稻光周期热敏基因雄性不育（PTGMS）系加速老化种子的机制知之甚少。RNA-Seq 技术是通过使用两个 PTGMS 品系 Y58S (YS) 和 Zun S (ZS) 的种子胚在限制条件下（95% 相对湿度和 45°C）进行 0 天、5 天、7 天，和 10 天。在 ZS 和 YS 加速老化处理的相邻时间段之间，总共鉴定了 1198、487、1308、396 和 669 个差异表达基因（DEG）。基因本体论 (GO) 分析揭示了富含淀粉分解代谢过程和蔗糖分解代谢过程的 DEG。它还表明，许多基因在京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径中富集，例如淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物病原体相互作用和植物激素信号转导。此外，还选择了 34 个候选基因进行以下系统发育分析和不同的基因表达谱。最后，通过定量实时PCR鉴定了几个种子老化的关键候选基因，包括水稻蔗糖合酶Os07g0616800和未知基因Os12g0161500。总之，这些结果为研究水稻种子耐贮性的分子机制奠定了良好的基础，也为 PTMGS 系种子贮藏提供了新的见解。和植物激素信号转导。此外，还选择了 34 个候选基因进行以下系统发育分析和不同的基因表达谱。最后，通过定量实时PCR鉴定了几个种子老化的关键候选基因，包括水稻蔗糖合酶Os07g0616800和未知基因Os12g0161500。总之，这些结果为研究水稻种子耐贮性的分子机制奠定了良好的基础，也为 PTMGS 系种子贮藏提供了新的见解。和植物激素信号转导。此外，还选择了 34 个候选基因进行以下系统发育分析和不同的基因表达谱。最后，通过定量实时PCR鉴定了几个种子老化的关键候选基因，包括水稻蔗糖合酶Os07g0616800和未知基因Os12g0161500。总之，这些结果为研究水稻种子耐贮性的分子机制奠定了良好的基础，也为 PTMGS 系种子贮藏提供了新的见解。