Phyllostomids (New World leaf-nosed bats) are the ecologically most diverse bat family and have undergone the most extensive adaptive radiation of any mammalian family. However comprehensive, multi-species studies regarding phyllostomid echolocation are scarce in the literature despite abundant ecological research. In this study, we describe the call structure and interspecific variation in call design of 40 sympatric phyllostomid species from the Central Brazilian Amazon, focussing on general patterns within genera, subfamilies and between feeding guilds. All but one species utilized short, broadband FM calls consisting of multiple harmonics. As reported for other bat families, peak frequency was negatively correlated with body mass and forearm length. Twenty-five species alternated the harmonic of maximum energy, principally between the second and third harmonic. Based on PCA, we were unable to detect any significant differences in echolocation call parameters between genera, subfamilies or different feeding guilds, confirming that acoustic surveys cannot be used to reliably monitor these species. We present Ametrida centurio as an exception to this generalized phyllostomid structure, as it is unique in producing a mono-harmonic call. Finally, we discuss several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary pressures influencing phyllostomid call structure.

中文翻译：

---

中央亚马逊“耳语” phyllostomid蝙蝠的回声：呼叫设计和种间变异

Phyllostomids（新世界的叶鼻蝙蝠）是生态上最多样化的蝙蝠家族，并且经历了任何哺乳动物家族中最广泛的适应性辐射。尽管有大量的生态学研究，但是关于叶绿素回声定位的全面，多物种的研究在文献中却很少。在这项研究中，我们描述了来自巴西中部亚马逊河流域的40种同胞phyllostomid物种的呼叫结构和种间变异，着眼于属，亚科和进食行会之间的一般模式。除一个物种外，所有物种都利用了由多个谐波组成的短宽带FM通话。正如其他蝙蝠家族所报道的那样，峰值频率与体重和前臂长度呈负相关。25种物质交替产生最大能量的谐波，主要在二次谐波和三次谐波之间。基于PCA，我们无法检测到属，亚科或不同饲养协会之间的回声定位参数之间的任何显着差异，这确认了声学调查不能用于可靠地监视这些物种。我们提出作为广义叶绿体结构的特例，由于Ametrida世纪，它在产生单谐波声中是独特的。最后，我们讨论了有关影响phyllostomid调用结构的进化压力的几个假设。