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Surface-Energy-Balance Closure over Land: A Review
Boundary-Layer Meteorology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s10546-020-00529-6
Matthias Mauder , Thomas Foken , Joan Cuxart

Quantitative knowledge of the surface energy balance is essential for the prediction of weather and climate. However, a multitude of studies from around the world indicate that the turbulent heat fluxes are generally underestimated using eddy-covariance measurements, and hence, the energy balance is not closed. This energy-balance-closure problem, which has been heavily covered in the literature for more than 25 years, is the topic of the present review, in which we provide an overview of the potential reason for the lack of closure. We demonstrate the effects of the diurnal cycle on the energy balance closure, and address questions with regard to the partitioning of the energy balance residual between the sensible and the latent fluxes, and whether the magnitude of the flux underestimation can be predicted based on other variables typically measured at micrometeorological stations. Remaining open questions are discussed and potential avenues for future research on this topic are laid out. Integrated studies, combining multi-tower experiments and scale-crossing, spatially-resolving lidar and airborne measurements with high-resolution large-eddy simulations, are considered to be of critical importance for enhancing our understanding of the underlying transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer.

中文翻译:

陆地表面能量平衡闭合:综述

地表能量平衡的定量知识对于预测天气和气候至关重要。然而,来自世界各地的大量研究表明,使用涡流协方差测量通常会低估湍流热通量,因此,能量平衡不是封闭的。这个能量平衡闭合问题已在文献中大量涉及超过 25 年,是本综述的主题,我们在其中概述了缺乏闭合的潜在原因。我们展示了昼夜循环对能量平衡闭合的影响,并解决了有关可感通量和潜在通量之间的能量平衡残差分配的问题,以及是否可以根据通常在微气象站测量的其他变量来预测通量低估的幅度。讨论了剩余的悬而未决的问题,并列出了未来对该主题进行研究的潜在途径。综合研究,将多塔实验和跨尺度、空间分辨激光雷达和机载测量与高分辨率大涡模拟相结合,被认为对于增强我们对大气边界层中潜在传输过程的理解至关重要.
更新日期:2020-05-30
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