We develop a general scheme for an analysis of macroscopic N -qudit systems which includes: (a) a scheme to organize the information obtained from collective measurements in the form of distribution functions in a discrete low-dimensional space; (b) a set of collective operators appropriate for the characterization of N -qudit states; (c) two collective tomographic protocols both for general and fully symmetric N -qudit states. The example of N -qutrits is analyzed in detail and compared to the N -qubit case.

中文翻译：

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N-Qudit系统的宏观方法

我们开发了一种用于分析宏观N商系统的通用方案，该方案包括：（a）一种方案，用于以分布函数的形式在离散的低维空间中组织从集体测量中获得的信息；（b）一组适合于描述N-Qudit状态的集体算子；（c）针对一般和完全对称的N-Qudit状态的两种集体层析成像协议。对N -qutrits的示例进行了详细分析，并与N -qubit的情况进行了比较。