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The ability of artisanal fishers to recognize the dolphins they cooperate with.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00383-3
Daiane S X da Rosa 1 , Natalia Hanazaki 1 , Maurício Cantor 1, 2, 3 , Paulo C Simões-Lopes 1 , Fábio G Daura-Jorge 1
Affiliation  

Human-animal interactions with mutual benefits in the wild are rare. Such positive interactions seem to require an intricate knowledge from the human side on the animals’ behavior and their habitat. In southern Brazil, dolphins and human net-casting fishers have specialized in a cooperative foraging, in which fishers report being able to identify and name dolphins. Here, we evaluate the consensus in their ability to recognize the individual dolphins they interact with. By investigating the reliability of this recognition process, we assess the pros and cons of relying on the fishers’ traditional knowledge to further understand the behavior and ecology of dolphins at the individual level. We also assess the potential role of traditional knowledge for the maintenance of this unusual interaction. We interviewed 38 fishers using a semi-structured questionnaire. During each interview, we evaluate their recognition ability of dolphins by showing high-quality photos of dorsal fins of different dolphins, asking questions about the dolphins’ behavior and traits, and about how fishers recognize each dolphin. We also evaluated information about the fishers. Different indices were used to measure the fishers’ ability to recognize dolphins via photos, and their consensus on individual identification. These indices were modeled as functions of traits of both dolphins and fishers to investigate which ones influence the recognition process. We found that fishers can primarily recognize dolphins by natural marks in the dorsal fin but there was little consensus in recognition. Fishers also tend to repeat the name of the most “popular” dolphins for different photos, indicating low reliability in individual recognition. We also found that fishers who learned from relatives (vertical learning) how to interact with dolphins tend to be more accurate and have higher consensus in dolphin recognition than those fishers who learned from friends (horizontal learning) or individually. Artisanal fishers have a deep understanding of the dolphins and the system they are inserted in. However, the lack of consensus in identifying individual dolphins herein reported indicates that using their traditional knowledge to further understand dolphin behavior and ecology at the individual level requires caution. Our study also suggests that the transmission of this tradition from parents to sons can be crucial to preserve such a unique human-animal positive interaction in its original form.

中文翻译:

手工渔民识别与其合作的海豚的能力。

在野外,人与动物之间互惠互利的互动很少见。这种积极的互动似乎需要人类对动物的行为及其栖息地有复杂的了解。在巴西南部,海豚和人类撒网渔民专门进行合作觅食,渔民报告说能够识别和命名海豚。在这里,我们评估了它们识别与其互动的个体海豚的能力的共识。通过调查这一识别过程的可靠性,我们评估了依靠渔民的传统知识进一步了解海豚个体层面的行为和生态的利弊。我们还评估了传统知识对于维持这种不寻常相互作用的潜在作用。我们使用半结构化问卷采访了 38 名渔民。在每次采访中,我们都会通过展示不同海豚背鳍的高质量照片、询问有关海豚的行为和特征以及渔民如何识别每只海豚的问题来评估他们对海豚的识别能力。我们还评估了有关渔民的信息。采用不同的指数来衡量渔民通过照片识别海豚的能力,以及他们对个体识别的共识。这些指数被建模为海豚和渔民特征的函数,以研究哪些指数影响识别过程。我们发现渔民主要可以通过背鳍上的自然标记来识别海豚,但在识别方面几乎没有达成共识。渔民还倾向于在不同的照片中重复最“受欢迎”的海豚的名字,这表明个体识别的可靠性较低。我们还发现,从亲戚那里学习(垂直学习)如何与海豚互动的渔民往往比从朋友那里学习(水平学习)或单独学习的渔民在海豚识别方面更准确,并且有更高的共识。手工渔民对海豚及其所处的系统有着深入的了解。然而,本文报告的在识别海豚个体方面缺乏共识,这表明利用他们的传统知识进一步了解海豚个体层面的行为和生态需要谨慎。我们的研究还表明,这种传统从父母到儿子的传承对于保持这种独特的人与动物积极互动的原始形式至关重要。
更新日期:2020-05-29
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