In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to fungal endophytes as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune by analyzing activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as morphology of haemocytes using Spodoptera litura as a model. Ethyl acetate extract of S. commune was fed to the larvae of S. litura using the artificial diet having 276.54 μg/ml (LC50 of fungus) concentration for different time durations. Exposed groups revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the activities of various enzymes viz. Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione-S-Transferase. Furthermore, haemocytes showed various deformities like breakage in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic leakage and appearance of strumae in the treated larvae. A drastic reduction in the percentage of normal haemocytes was recorded in the treated groups with respect to control. The study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing and immunosuppressant potential of S. commune against S. litura and its considerable potential for incorporation in pest management programs.

中文翻译：

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裂褶菌公社诱导斜纹夜蛾的氧化应激和免疫抑制活性。

在过去的几十年中，真菌内生菌已作为生物防治剂受到了相当大的关注，但是对其作用方式知之甚少。本研究旨在通过利用斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）作为模型，通过分析抗氧化剂和解毒酶的活性以及血细胞的形态来研究内生真菌Schizophyllum comemune的毒性作用。使用浓度为276.54μg/ ml（真菌的LC50）的人工饲料，在不同的时间段内将S链球菌的乙酸乙酯提取物喂入斜纹夜蛾的幼虫。暴露的组显示各种酶的活性显着（p≤0.05）增加。过氧化氢酶，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，超氧化物歧化酶，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶。此外，血细胞显示出各种畸形，例如细胞膜破裂，处理后的幼虫中的胞质泄漏和Strumae的出现。在治疗组中，相对于对照，正常血细胞百分比显着降低。这项研究提供了重要的信息，涉及引起S. com。抗氧化斜纹夜蛾的氧化应激和免疫抑制剂的潜力，以及将其纳入有害生物管理计划的巨大潜力。