Objective: Individuals with ADHD have deficits in reward processing and related cognitive tasks such as delay discounting and risky decision-making. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are two distinct cortical areas that are involved in reward processing. Methods: Twenty children with ADHD received transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions with one of three montages each, including anodal/cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC and right vmPFC respectively, the reversed montage, and a sham stimulation condition. During stimulation, in each session, participants performed the balloon analogue risk taking and chocolate delay discounting tasks. Results: A significant effect of stimulation condition on emotional processing was observed. Specifically, anodal tDCS over the right vmPFC, coupled with cathodal tDCS over the left dlPFC, reduced risky decision-making and delay discounting. Conclusion: These results imply that the left dlPFC and right vmPFC are involved in reward processing in children with ADHD. This finding is discussed in the light of the delay aversion theory of ADHD.

目标：患有 ADHD 的个体在奖励处理和相关认知任务（例如延迟折扣和风险决策）方面存在缺陷。腹内侧前额叶皮层 (vmPFC) 和背外侧前额叶皮层 (dlPFC) 是参与奖励处理的两个不同的皮层区域。方法： 20 名患有 ADHD 的儿童在三个单独的会话中接受了经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS)，每个会话使用三个蒙太奇之一，包括分别在左侧 dlPFC 和右侧 vmPFC 上的阳极/阴极 tDCS、反向蒙太奇和假刺激条件。在刺激期间，在每个会话中，参与者执行气球模拟冒险和巧克力延迟折扣任务。结果：观察到刺激条件对情绪处理的显着影响。具体来说，右侧 vmPFC 上的阳极 tDCS，加上左侧 dlPFC 上的阴极 tDCS，减少了风险决策和延迟贴现。结论：这些结果意味着左侧 dlPFC 和右侧 vmPFC 参与 ADHD 儿童的奖励处理。根据 ADHD 的延迟厌恶理论讨论了这一发现。