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Sponges as bioindicators for microparticulate pollutants
bioRxiv - Ecology Pub Date : 2020-05-28 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.26.116012
Elsa B. Girard , Adrian Fuchs , Melanie Kaliwoda , Markus Lasut , Evelyn Ploetz , Wolfgang W. Schmahl , Gert Wörheide

Amongst other threats, the world's oceans are faced with man-made pollution, including an increasing number of microparticulate pollutants. Sponges, aquatic filter-feeding animals, are able to incorporate fine foreign particles, and thus may be a potential bioindicator for microparticulate pollutants. To address this question, 15 coral reef demosponges sampled around Bangka Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) were analyzed for the nature of their foreign particle content using traditional histological methods, advanced light microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Sampled sponges accumulated and embedded the very fine sediment fraction (< 200 μm), absent in the surrounding sand, in the ectosome (outer epithelia) and spongin fibers (skeletal elements), which was confirmed by two-photon microscopy. A total of 34 different particle types were identified, of which degraded man-made products, i.e., polystyrene, cotton, titanium dioxide and blue-pigmented particles, were incorporated by eight specimens at concentrations between 91 to 612 particle/g dry sponge tissue. As sponges can weigh several hundreds of grams, we conservatively extrapolate that sponges can incorporate on average 10,000 microparticulate pollutants in their tissue. The uptake of particles, however, appears independent of the material, which suggests that the fluctuation in material ratios is due to the spatial variation of surrounding microparticles. Therefore, sponges have a strong potential to biomonitor microparticulate pollutants, such as microplastics and other degraded industrial products.

中文翻译:

海绵作为微粒污染物的生物指标

除其他威胁外,世界海洋还面临人为污染,其中包括越来越多的微粒污染物。海绵是一种以水为过滤食物的动物,能够掺入细小的异物,因此可能是潜在的微粒污染物生物指示剂。为了解决这个问题,使用传统的组织学方法,先进的光学显微镜和拉曼光谱分析了邦加岛(印度尼西亚北苏拉威西省)附近15个采样点的珊瑚礁异物含量的性质。采样的海绵积聚并嵌入了极细的沉积物部分(<200μm),没有沉积在周围的沙子中,胞体(外部上皮)和海绵蛋白纤维(骨骼元素)中,这已通过双光子显微镜得到了证实。共鉴定出34种不同的颗粒类型,其中八个样品以91至612颗粒/ g干海绵组织的浓度掺入了降解的人造产物,即聚苯乙烯,棉,二氧化钛和蓝色颜料颗粒。由于海绵重达几百克,因此我们保守地推断,海绵平均可在其组织中掺入10,000个微粒污染物。但是,颗粒的吸收似乎与材料无关,这表明材料比率的波动是由于周围微粒的空间变化引起的。因此,海绵具有很强的潜力来监控微生物污染物,例如微塑料和其他降解的工业产品。二氧化钛和蓝色颜料颗粒由八个样本以91至612个颗粒/克干海绵组织的浓度掺入。由于海绵重达几百克,因此我们保守地推断,海绵平均可以在其组织中掺入10,000个微粒污染物。但是,颗粒的吸收似乎与材料无关,这表明材料比率的波动是由于周围微粒的空间变化引起的。因此,海绵具有很强的潜力来生物监测微粒污染物,例如微塑料和其他降解的工业产品。二氧化钛和蓝色颜料颗粒由八个样本以91至612个颗粒/克干海绵组织的浓度掺入。由于海绵重达几百克,因此我们保守地推断,海绵平均可以在其组织中掺入10,000个微粒污染物。但是,颗粒的吸收似乎与材料无关,这表明材料比率的波动是由于周围微粒的空间变化引起的。因此,海绵具有很强的潜力来生物监测微粒污染物,例如微塑料和其他降解的工业产品。我们保守地推断,海绵平均可以在其组织中掺入10,000个微粒污染物。但是,颗粒的吸收似乎与材料无关,这表明材料比率的波动是由于周围微粒的空间变化引起的。因此,海绵具有很强的潜力来生物监测微粒污染物,例如微塑料和其他降解的工业产品。我们保守地推断,海绵平均可以在其组织中掺入10,000个微粒污染物。但是,颗粒的吸收似乎与材料无关,这表明材料比率的波动是由于周围微粒的空间变化引起的。因此,海绵具有很强的潜力来生物监测微粒污染物,例如微塑料和其他降解的工业产品。
更新日期:2020-05-28
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