Cold seeps, characterized by the methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other hydrocarbon chemicals, foster one of the most widespread chemosynthetic ecosystems in deep sea that are densely populated by specialized benthos. However, scarce genomic resources severely limit our knowledge about the origin and adaptation of life in this unique ecosystem. Here, we present a genome of a deep-sea limpet Bathyacmaea lactea, a common species associated with the dominant mussel beds in cold seeps. We yielded 54.6 gigabases (Gb) of Nanopore reads and 77.9 Gb BGI-seq raw reads, respectively. Assembly harvested a 754.3 Mb genome for B. lactea, with 3,720 contigs and a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb, covering 94.3% of metazoan Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. In total, 23,574 protein-coding genes and 463.4 Mb of repetitive elements were identified. We analyzed the phylogenetic position, substitution rate, demographic history, and TE activity of B. lactea. We also identified 80 expanded gene families and 87 rapidly evolving Gene Ontology (GO) categories in the B. lactea genome. Many of these genes were associated with heterocyclic compound metabolism, membrane-bounded organelle, metal ion binding, and nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism. The high-quality assembly and in-depth characterization suggest the B. lactea genome will serve as an essential resource for understanding the origin and adaptation of life in the cold seeps.

中文翻译：

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从属基因组大会的Limpet乳杆菌（天麻：Pectinodontidae）：深海腹足类动物流行的第一个参考基因组流行的冷渗漏。

以甲烷，硫化氢和其他烃类化学物质为特征的冷渗漏物在深海中形成了最广泛的化学合成生态系统之一，该化学合成生态系统由专门的底栖动物组成。但是，稀缺的基因组资源严重限制了我们对这种独特生态系统中生命起源和适应的认识。在这里，我们介绍了深海贝类Bath虫（Bathyacmaea lactea）的基因组，这是一种与冷渗水中的优势贻贝床相关的常见物种。我们分别产生了54.6千兆字节（Gb）的纳米孔读数和77.9 Gb BGI-seq原始读数。大会收获了754.3 MB基因组B.马蔺，其中3,720个重叠群和一个重叠群N50为1.57 Mb，覆盖了94.3％的后生基准通用单拷贝直系同源物。总共鉴定出23574个蛋白质编码基因和463.4 Mb的重复元件。我们分析了乳酸双歧杆菌的系统发育位置，替代率，人口史和TE活性。我们还确定了乳双歧杆菌基因组中的80个扩展基因家族和87个快速进化的基因本体论（GO）类别。这些基因中的许多与杂环化合物的代谢，膜结合的细胞器，金属离子结合以及氮和磷的代谢有关。高质量的组装和深入的鉴定表明乳酸双歧杆菌 基因组将作为了解冷泉生命起源和适应的重要资源。