The ferromagnetic properties are investigated in single crystal ZnO nanorods with heavy codoping of 28 at. % Mn and 1 at. % Fe fabricated by vapor phase transport. The electron energy loss spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Mn and Fe dopants are, respectively, +2 and +3 valence states, where Raman scattering exhibited additional peaks at 308 cm⁻¹, 458 cm⁻¹, 480 cm⁻¹, 504 cm⁻¹, 516 cm⁻¹, 530 cm⁻¹, and 569 cm⁻¹, associated with MnFe dopants. Compared with undoped and Mn doped ZnO nanostructures, the MnFe-codoped ZnO nanorods are strongly ferromagnetic below Tc of 39 K and around room temperature. The ferromagnetic behavior can be mainly attributed to the carrier-mediated Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida mechanism below Tc and the defect-induced bound magnetic polaron mechanism around room temperature.

中文翻译：

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重掺杂MnFe的ZnO纳米棒中的介导铁磁性

在重共掺杂为28 at。的单晶ZnO纳米棒中研究了铁磁性能。％Mn和1 at。通过气相传输制造的％Fe。电子能量损失光谱法和X射线光电子能谱法证实，Mn和Fe掺杂剂是分别为+2和+3价态，其中拉曼散射在308厘米表现出另外的峰^-1，458厘米^-1，480厘米^-1，504厘米^-1，516厘米^-1，530厘米^-1，和569厘米^-1，与MnFe掺杂剂有关。与未掺杂和Mn掺杂的ZnO纳米结构相比，MnFe掺杂的ZnO纳米棒在Tc为39 K以下且在室温附近具有强铁磁性。铁磁行为主要归因于Tc以下的载流子介导的Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida机理和室温附近缺陷诱导的束缚磁极化子机理。