This paper addresses the problem of voltage restoration and reactive power sharing of inverter-based distributed generations (DGs) in an islanded microgrid subject to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Note that DoS attacks may block information exchange among DGs by jamming the communication network in the secondary control level of a microgrid. A two-layer distributed secondary control framework is presented, in which a state observer employing the multiagent system (MAS)-based ternary self-triggered control is implemented for discovering the average information of voltage and reactive power in a fully distributed manner while highly reducing communication burden than that the periodic communication way. The compensation for the reference signal to the primary control is acquired according to the average estimates to achieve voltage restoration while properly sharing reactive power among DGs. An improved ternary self-triggered control strategy integrating an acknowledgment (ACK)-based monitoring mechanism is established, where DoS attacks are modeled by repeated cycles of jamming and sleeping. A new triggering condition is developed to guarantee the successful information exchange between DGs when the sleep period of DoS attacks is detected. Using the Lyapunov approach, it is proved that the proposed algorithm allows agents to reach consensus regardless of the frequency of the DoS attacks, which maintains the accurate estimation of average information and the implementation of the secondary control objectives. The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated under simulation and experimental conditions. The results show that the proposed secondary control scheme can highly reduce the inter-agent communication as well as improve the robustness of the system to resist DoS attacks.

中文翻译：

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拒绝服务攻击下孤岛微电网电压恢复和无功功率共享的弹性自触发控制

本文解决了受拒绝服务 (DoS) 攻击的孤岛微电网中基于逆变器的分布式发电 (DG) 的电压恢复和无功功率共享问题。请注意，DoS 攻击可能会通过干扰微电网二级控制级别的通信网络来阻止 DG 之间的信息交换。提出了一种双层分布式二次控制框架，该框架采用基于多智能体系统（MAS）的三元自触发控制的状态观测器，以完全分布式的方式发现电压和无功功率的平均信息，同时大大减少通信负担比周期性通信方式大。根据平均估计获得对初级控制参考信号的补偿，以实现电压恢复，同时在 DG 之间正确分配无功功率。建立了一种改进的三元自触发控制策略，集成了基于确认 (ACK) 的监控机制，其中 DoS 攻击通过干扰和睡眠的重复循环进行建模。当检测到 DoS 攻击的休眠期时，开发了一种新的触发条件来保证 DG 之间的成功信息交换。使用Lyapunov方法，证明了所提出的算法允许代理无论DoS攻击的频率如何都能达成共识，从而保持对平均信息的准确估计和二级控制目标的实现。所提出的控制方案的性能在模拟和实验条件下进行评估。结果表明，所提出的二次控制方案可以大大减少代理间通信，并提高系统抵抗DoS攻击的鲁棒性。