To avoid the lacquerware of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck from being corroded by microorganisms and to improve the knowledge on microbial ecology of the wood lacquers, we conducted a series of tests on the two water samples storing the lacquerware and colonies on the surface of the lacquerware. The high-throughput sequencing detected dominant fungal communities. After that, the fungal strains were isolated and then identified by amplification of ITS- 18S rRNA. Then the activity of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was detected on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates with 0.04% (v/v) guaiacol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates. Finally, we tested the biocide susceptibility of these fungi. Penicillium chrysogenum (NK-NH3) and Fusarium solani (NK- NH1) were the dominant fungi in the sample collected in April 2016 and June 2017. What is more, both showed activity of ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Four biocidal products (Preventol^® D7, P91, BIT 20N, and Euxyl^® K100) inhibited the growth of the fungal species in vitro effectively. In further research, the microbial community and environmental parameters in the museum should be monitored to assess the changes in the community and to detect potential microbial outbreaks.

中文翻译：

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南海一号沉船沉水木质漆器的真菌群落分析与生物降解

为避免南海一号沉船的漆器受到微生物的腐蚀，并提高对木漆的微生物生态学的了解，我们对两个水样进行了一系列测试，这些水样将漆器和菌落存储在木器表面。漆器。高通量测序检测到优势真菌群落。此后，分离真菌菌株，然后通过ITS-18S rRNA的扩增来鉴定。然后在含0.04％（v / v）愈创木酚和羧甲基纤维素（CMC）琼脂平板的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）平板上检测木质素分解酶和纤维素分解酶的活性。最后，我们测试了这些真菌的杀菌剂敏感性。产黄青霉（NK-NH3）和茄枯萎 菌（Fusarium solani）（NK-NH1）是2016年4月和2017年6月收集的样本中的主要真菌。而且，两者均显示了木质素分解酶和纤维素分解酶的活性。四个生物农药产品（防多^® D7，P91，BIT 20N和Euxyl ^® K100）抑制了有效的体外真菌物种的生长。在进一步的研究中，应该监测博物馆中的微生物群落和环境参数，以评估群落中的变化并发现潜在的微生物暴发。