Introduction

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and cardiovascular disease account for the majority of workplace fatalities in the transport industry. This study evaluates the feasibility of a health education and screening program for commercial drivers in the transport industry, assesses its impact on workplace injuries, and determines risk factors for MVCs.

Methods

Australian commercial drivers (N = 3873) were educated on, and assessed for sleep disorders, cardiovascular risk factors, and self-reported MVCs and driving hours. Recommendations were provided to follow-up medical conditions, if required. In a subsample, injury rates 12-months before and after the program were evaluated. The health program was conducted between 2003 and 2005. Data was accessed in 2011, and statistical analysis completed between 2011 and 2018.

Results

Almost half (48.67%, 95% CI = 45.48–51.86) of participants were referred for follow-up, with 59% (56.77–61.23) attending follow-up. Ten percent had hypertension (10.07%, 8.50–11.64), 25.89% (23.14–28.63) had high-risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and 13.99% (12.47–15.51) had excessive sleepiness. MVC risk increased in drivers self-reporting a fear of falling asleep while driving (AOR = 2.32, CI = 1.37–3.93), sleepiness (AOR = 2.42, CI = 1.58–3.70) and short sleep (AOR = 1.74, CI = 1.10–2.74). Extended driving hours were associated with obesity (OR = 1.006, CI = 1.002–1.010) and hypertension (OR = 1.009, CI = 1.003–1.015). A 17% reduction in workplace injuries was observed post-program participation.

Conclusions

Cardiovascular risk factors and OSA were prevalent in drivers. Sleepiness was common and increased MVC risk, while extended driving hours were associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk profile. Compliance with medical follow-up was modest, but the reduced injury rates post-participation highlights the positive impact of health education and screening in this high-risk population.

中文翻译：

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运输业中心血管疾病风险和睡眠健康筛查的可行性

介绍

机动车碰撞和心血管疾病是交通运输行业大部分工作场所死亡的原因。这项研究评估了针对运输业商业驾驶员的健康教育和筛查计划的可行性，评估了其对工作场所伤害的影响，并确定了MVC的危险因素。

方法

对澳大利亚的商业驾驶员（N = 3873）进行了教育，并评估了他们的睡眠障碍，心血管危险因素以及自我报告的MVC和驾驶时间。如果需要，还提供了有关后续医疗条件的建议。在一个子样本中，评估了程序前后12个月的受伤率。该卫生计划在2003年至2005年之间进行。2011年访问了数据，2011年至2018年完成了统计分析。

结果

几乎一半（48.67％，95％CI = 45.48–51.86）的患者被随访，其中59％（56.77–61.23）接受了随访。10％的人患有高血压（10.07％，8.50-11.64），25.89％（23.14-28.63）有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的高风险，13.99％（12.47-15.51）的人过度嗜睡。驾驶员自我报告担心开车时会入睡（AOR = 2.32，CI = 1.37–3.93），嗜睡（AOR = 2.42，CI = 1.58–3.70）和短暂睡眠（AOR = 1.74，CI = 1.10）时，MVC风险增加–2.74）。延长驾驶时间与肥胖（OR = 1.006，CI = 1.002–1.010）和高血压（OR = 1.009，CI = 1.003–1.015）相关。参加计划后，工作场所的伤害减少了17％。

结论

驾驶员中普遍存在心血管危险因素和OSA。嗜睡是常见的，增加了MVC的风险，而延长的驾驶时间则与心血管风险的升高有关。对医疗随访的依从性不高，但是参与后伤害率的降低突显了健康教育和筛查对该高危人群的积极影响。