Abstract The exhumation history of the Gangdese Batholith, southern Tibet, bears on how magmatism and tectonism interact with surface processes in a long-lived magmatic orogen. In this study, we applied Al-in-hornblende barometry across the eastern Gangdese Batholith to obtain pluton emplacement pressures. Our results, together with existing bedrock pressure data, reveal the regional paleo-depth pattern across the Gangdese Batholith. The western part of the batholith, near Lhasa, exposes plutons emplaced at 1-2 kbar whereas the eastern part, near Nyingchi, exposes crust recording pressures typically of 6-12 kbar. We coupled pressure data with new and published U-Pb zircon ages to constrain the exhumation history of the Gangdese Batholith. The results show that since 100 Ma, the upper crust experienced limited exhumation except a pronounced Oligocene-Miocene pulse. In contrast, the middle-lower crust experienced a complex exhumation and burial history, reflecting major tectonic events including the development of continental arc and continent-continent collision. Since ca. 10 Ma, the eastern Nyingchi sector experienced fast exhumation (total exhumation > 40 km), which was likely related to the exhumation of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. The Lhasa sector experienced comparatively limited exhumation (total exhumation

中文翻译：

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基岩压力揭示藏南冈底斯岩基地壳倾斜及差异折返

摘要 藏南冈底斯岩基的发掘历史与岩浆作用和构造作用如何与长寿命岩浆造山带的地表过程相互作用有关。在这项研究中，我们在冈底斯岩基东部应用了角闪石中的铝气压测量法，以获得岩体就位压力。我们的结果与现有的基岩压力数据一起揭示了冈底斯岩基的区域古深度模式。靠近拉萨的岩基西部暴露了 1-2 kbar 的岩体，而靠近林芝的东部暴露了通常为 6-12 kbar 的地壳记录压力。我们将压力数据与新发表的 U-Pb 锆石年龄相结合，以限制冈底斯岩基的挖掘历史。结果表明，自 100 Ma 以来，除了明显的渐新世-中新世脉动外，上地壳经历了有限的剥露。相比之下，中下地壳经历了复杂的剥蚀和埋藏历史，反映了大陆弧发展和陆陆碰撞等重大构造事件。从大约 10 Ma，林芝东部地区经历了快速剥蚀（总剥蚀> 40 km），这可能与东喜马拉雅合成带的剥蚀有关。拉萨地区经历了相对有限的挖掘（总挖掘 林芝东部地区经历了快速挖掘（总挖掘> 40 km），这可能与东喜马拉雅山脉的挖掘有关。拉萨地区经历了相对有限的挖掘（总挖掘 林芝东部地区经历了快速挖掘（总挖掘> 40 km），这可能与东喜马拉雅山脉的挖掘有关。拉萨地区经历了相对有限的挖掘（总挖掘