Sub-standard nutrition is a leading risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and causes 11 million diet-related deaths annually worldwide. Arabic-speaking immigrants and refugees (ASIR) are at high risk for poor nutrition due to socio-cultural and economic-ecological factors. We reviewed the literature to explore the impact of acculturation on ASIR's dietary practices and to investigate barriers vs. facilitators to healthy eating among them. Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Anthropology Plus, Embase and Sociology Database) were systematically searched. Only English articles from North America (the US and Canada), Europe, Australia and New Zealand were included. Twenty-four studies were included for evidence synthesis. North America is substantially ahead of Europe in ASIR-nutrition research, whereas Australia and New Zealand are lacking in this type of research. Acculturation into a Western lifestyle was associated with positive and negative changes to ASIR's diet, with increased fruit/vegetable intake, but also a significant increase in consumption of low nutrient, energy-dense foods. Personal barriers to healthful eating related to lack of nutrition awareness and language issues, whereas improved nutrition education was a strong facilitator. Children's preferences and religious dietary proscriptions were key sociocultural barriers to nutritious eating, whereas availability/accessibility of ethnic grocery stores was a powerful facilitator. Within North America, but not Europe, unaffordability of healthy foods and lack of genetically modified food labelling were leading barriers to eating nutritiously. Community-engaged and mixed methods research on diet, nutrition and food (in)security among ASIR is required to inform the design of effective, culturally acceptable dietary interventions. Western societies need to introduce major changes in food policy and financial support for progressive programs to ensure equitable access to nutritious, culturally appropriate food for ASIR and other similar minority groups.

中文翻译：

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西方社会讲阿拉伯语的移民和难民的饮食习惯：范围审查

低于标准的营养是许多非传染性疾病的主要风险因素，每年在全世界造成 1100 万人与饮食相关的死亡。由于社会文化和经济生态因素，讲阿拉伯语的移民和难民 (ASIR) 面临营养不良的高风险。我们回顾了文献以探讨文化适应对 ASIR 饮食习惯的影响，并调查其中的障碍与促进健康饮食的因素。系统地搜索了五个电子数据库（PsycINFO、Medline、Anthropology Plus、Embase 和社会学数据库）。仅包括来自北美（美国和加拿大）、欧洲、澳大利亚和新西兰的英文文章。24 项研究被纳入证据综合。北美在 ASIR 营养研究方面大大领先于欧洲，而澳大利亚和新西兰缺乏此类研究。适应西方生活方式与 ASIR 饮食的积极和消极变化有关，水果/蔬菜摄入量增加，但低营养、高能量食物的消费量也显着增加。健康饮食的个人障碍与缺乏营养意识和语言问题有关，而改善营养教育是一个强有力的促进因素。儿童的喜好和宗教饮食禁令是营养饮食的关键社会文化障碍，而民族杂货店的可用性/可及性是一个强大的促进因素。在北美，而不是欧洲，负担不起健康食品和缺乏转基因食品标签是营养饮食的主要障碍。需要在 ASIR 中对饮食、营养和食物（不）安全进行社区参与和混合方法研究，以设计有效的、文化上可接受的饮食干预措施。西方社会需要对渐进式计划的食品政策和财政支持进行重大变革，以确保 ASIR 和其他类似的少数群体能够公平地获得营养丰富、文化适宜的食品。