This study aims to demonstrate the utility of Markov chain analysis and geospatial technology to assess point-based fragmentation. It has been observed that unprecedented urbanization is primarily responsible for abrupt changes in the land system of cities. Such abrupt changes may lead to fragmentation of urban landscape and its neighbourhood areas. Generally, fragmentation begins with point locations and may convert into line- and polygon-based fragmentations. This is necessary to understand that fragmentation has negative consequences on the habitat suitability and ecosystem of a city. Consequently, this may also affect the environment in the context of sustainability. Hence, the present work proposes a framework to identify the possible hot spots of point-based fragmentation. This may help in containing landscape fragmentation. It begins with identification of zones which are more vulnerable to fragmentation using Markov chain analysis. Next, the zone-based vulnerability analysis has been downscaled to point-based fragmentation using block statistics-based spatial overlay operation. Results of the proposed framework have been validated through field survey. It has been found that landscape is fragmenting in the identified hot spots by the proposed framework. Effective measures for containing point-based fragmentation in these places may be adopted to avoid the conversion of point-based fragmentation into either line-based or polygon-based fragmentation.

中文翻译：

---

使用地理空间技术和马尔可夫链分析评估基于点的碎片：印度阿萨姆邦卡姆鲁普区（农村和地铁）的案例研究

本研究旨在展示马尔可夫链分析和地理空间技术在评估基于点的碎片化方面的效用。据观察，史无前例的城市化是造成城市土地系统急剧变化的主要原因。这种突然的变化可能会导致城市景观及其周边地区的碎片化。通常，碎片从点位置开始，并可能转换为基于线和多边形的碎片。了解碎片化对城市的栖息地适宜性和生态系统产生负面影响是必要的。因此，这也可能影响可持续性背景下的环境。因此，目前的工作提出了一个框架来识别基于点的碎片化可能的热点。这可能有助于遏制景观碎片化。它首先使用马尔可夫链分析识别更容易碎片化的区域。接下来，使用基于块统计的空间叠加操作将基于区域的漏洞分析缩小到基于点的碎片化。拟议框架的结果已通过实地调查得到验证。已经发现，所提出的框架在确定的热点中景观正在分裂。在这些地方，可以采取有效的遏制点碎片化措施，避免点碎片化向线碎片化或多边形碎片化。使用基于块统计的空间叠加操作，基于区域的脆弱性分析已缩小到基于点的碎片化。拟议框架的结果已通过实地调查得到验证。已经发现，所提出的框架在确定的热点中景观正在分裂。在这些地方可以采取有效的遏制点碎片化措施，避免点碎片化向线碎片化或多边形碎片化。使用基于块统计的空间叠加操作，基于区域的脆弱性分析已缩小到基于点的碎片化。拟议框架的结果已通过实地调查得到验证。已经发现，所提出的框架在确定的热点中景观正在分裂。在这些地方，可以采取有效的遏制点碎片化措施，避免点碎片化向线碎片化或多边形碎片化。