Coral ecosystems in the central Mexican Pacific inhabit environmental conditions considered as suboptimal for reef development, such as wide ranges in temperature, low pH, and cyclonic activity. In addition, they are facing increasing nutrient and sediment inputs as a consequence of urban growth and tourism. While the global effects of anthropogenic stressors to coral communities have been described, the local response and microscale variations remain unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluates three physiological markers during 2018 (total lipid content, symbiont density, and chlorophyll a concentration) in the main reef-building coral genera ( Pocillopora , Porites , and Pavona ) from two coral communities: one coastal site next to a luxury touristic development with high sedimentation rates and elevated nutrient inputs from golf courses, and one at an insular MPA 6 km distant from the coast and where human activities are regulated. At each coral sampling site, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations as well as sedimentation rates were measured. The analyses of the physiological markers showed significant differences in the lipid content and symbiont density between sites, with corals at Isla Larga presenting higher lipid content but lower symbiont density, while pigment concentration only differed across months. When assessing differences among coral genera, Pocillopora colonies presented the highest lipid content, while Pavona showed more symbionts and Porites colonies the uppermost pigment concentrations, with significant differences among genera and across the studied months. Environmental characterization showed significant differences between sites in the nitrate concentration and sedimentation rates. Generalized nonlinear models evidence that lipid concentration is related to sedimentation rates and temperatures, symbiont density to nitrite and phosphate concentrations, and pigment concentrations to nitrate and phosphate concentrations as well as sedimentation rates.

中文翻译：

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城市压力对墨西哥太平洋边缘珊瑚礁珊瑚生理的影响

墨西哥太平洋中部的珊瑚生态系统居住的环境条件被认为不适合珊瑚礁发育，例如温度范围大、pH 值低和气旋活动。此外，由于城市发展和旅游业，它们正面临越来越多的养分和沉积物输入。虽然已经描述了人为压力源对珊瑚群落的全球影响，但局部反应和微尺度变化仍然未知。因此，本研究评估了 2018 年主要造礁珊瑚属（ Pocillopora 、 Porites 和 Pavona ）的三个生理标志物（总脂质含量、共生体密度和叶绿素 a 浓度）来自两个珊瑚群落：一个靠近具有高沉积率和高尔夫球场养分输入的豪华旅游开发项目，一个位于离海岸 6 公里远的海岛海洋保护区，这里人类活动受到管制。在每个珊瑚采样点，测量了亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的浓度以及沉降率。生理标志物的分析表明，不同地点之间的脂质含量和共生体密度存在显着差异，Isla Larga 的珊瑚脂质含量较高，但共生体密度较低，而色素浓度仅在几个月内有所不同。在评估珊瑚属之间的差异时，Pocillopora 菌落的脂质含量最高，而 Pavona 显示出更多的共生体，而 Porites 菌落的色素浓度最高，各属之间和研究月份之间存在显着差异。环境特征表明，不同地点的硝酸盐浓度和沉降速率存在显着差异。广义非线性模型证明，脂质浓度与沉降速率和温度、共生体密度与亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度以及色素浓度与硝酸盐和磷酸盐浓度以及沉降速率有关。