Biofabrication is enriching the tissue engineering field with new ways of producing structurally organized complex tissues. Among the numerous bioinks under investigation, hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives stand out for their biological relevance, cytocompatibility, shear-thinning properties, and potential to fine-tune the desired properties with chemical modification. In this paper, we review the recent advances on bioinks containing HA. The available literature is presented based on subjects including the rheological properties in connection with printability, the chemical strategies for endowing HA with the desired properties, the clinical application, the most advanced preclinical studies, the advantages and limitations in comparison with similar biopolymer-based bioinks, and future perspectives.

中文翻译：

---

透明质酸作为基于挤出的3D打印的生物墨水。

生物制造通过生产结构组织复杂的组织的新方法正在丰富组织工程领域。在众多正在研究的生物墨水中，透明质酸（HA）及其衍生物在生物相关性，细胞相容性，剪切稀化特性以及通过化学修饰微调所需特性方面具有突出的优势。在本文中，我们回顾了含HA的生物油墨的最新进展。根据相关主题提供了可用的文献，包括与可印刷性相关的流变特性，赋予HA所需特性的化学策略，临床应用，最先进的临床前研究以及与类似生物聚合物基生物墨水相比的优势和局限性以及未来的前景。