Integration of multilocus data and species distribution modelling into phylogeography allows mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-based scenarios to be fine-tuned. We address the question of whether extensive mtDNA substructuring in the crested newt Triturus macedonicus from the Balkan Peninsula is matched in the nuclear genome. We determine the intraspecific population structure based on 52 nuclear DNA markers and project a species distribution model on climate layers for the Last Glacial Maximum. We show that T. macedonicus accumulated nuclear DNA population structure in an area predicted to have been climatically stable during the Pleistocene, with four nuclear DNA groups in the western part of the species range. The distribution of these nuclear DNA groups shows little agreement with that of mtDNA structuring, which shows three highly distinct species-specific clades and a fourth one introgressed from another crested newt species. This cytonuclear discordance conveys that historical biogeographical scenarios based on mtDNA exclusively should be interpreted with caution. Our findings further highlight the important role the Balkan Peninsula has played in the evolution and preservation of European biodiversity.

中文翻译：

---

巴尔干半岛冰川避难所的凤头new中广泛的细胞核不一致

将多基因座数据和物种分布模型集成到系统地理学中，可以对基于线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的方案进行微调。我们解决的问题是，来自巴尔干半岛的凤头newTriturus macedonicus中广泛的mtDNA亚结构在核基因组中是否匹配。我们基于52个核DNA标记物确定种内种群结构，并在气候层上为“最后冰川期”预测一个物种分布模型。我们显示马其顿草在更新世期间气候稳定的地区积累了核DNA种群结构，该物种范围的西部有四个核DNA组。这些核DNA基团的分布与mtDNA结构的分布几乎没有一致性，mtDNA结构显示了三个高度不同的物种特异性进化枝，而第四个则从另一个有顶new物种渗入。这种细胞核不一致性表明，应谨慎解释仅基于mtDNA的历史生物地理情况。我们的发现进一步突出了巴尔干半岛在欧洲生物多样性的演变和保存中所发挥的重要作用。