Abstract Effective monitoring is necessary to provide robust detection of bee declines. In the United States and worldwide, bowl traps have been increasingly used to monitor native bees and purportedly detect declines. However, bowl traps have a suite of flaws that make them poorly equipped to monitor bees. We outline the drawbacks of bowl traps, as well as other passive sampling methods. We emphasize that current methods do not monitor changes in bee abundance. We then propose future approaches to improve bee monitoring efforts, which include improving our understanding of the efficacy and drawbacks of current methods, novel molecular methods, nest censusing, mark-recapture, sampling of focal plant taxa, and detection of range contractions. Overall, we hope to highlight deficiencies of the current state of bee monitoring, with an aim to stimulate research into the efficacy of existing methods and promote novel methods that provide meaningful data that can detect declines without squandering limited resources.

中文翻译：

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美国蜜蜂监测状况：呼吁重新关注碗型陷阱，转向更有效的方法

摘要 有效的监测对于提供可靠的蜜蜂衰退检测是必要的。在美国和世界范围内，碗形陷阱越来越多地用于监测本地蜜蜂并据称检测数量下降。然而，碗形陷阱有一系列缺陷，使其无法监测蜜蜂。我们概述了碗形陷阱以及其他被动采样方法的缺点。我们强调，目前的方法不能监测蜜蜂丰度的变化。然后，我们提出了改进蜜蜂监测工作的未来方法，包括提高我们对当前方法、新分子方法、巢穴普查、标记重新捕获、焦点植物分类群采样和范围收缩检测的功效和缺点的理解。总体而言，我们希望突出当前蜜蜂监测状态的不足之处，