Although death is inevitable, individuals have long sought to alter the course of the ageing process. Indeed, ageing has proved to be modifiable; by intervening in biological systems, such as nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, the systemic environment and the gut microbiome, phenotypes of ageing can be slowed sufficiently to mitigate age-related functional decline. These interventions can also delay the onset of many disabling, chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration, in animal models. Here, we examine the most promising interventions to slow ageing and group them into two tiers based on the robustness of the preclinical, and some clinical, results, in which the top tier includes rapamycin, senolytics, metformin, acarbose, spermidine, NAD⁺ enhancers and lithium. We then focus on the potential of the interventions and the feasibility of conducting clinical trials with these agents, with the overall aim of maintaining health for longer before the end of life.

尽管死亡是不可避免的，但人们长期以来一直试图改变衰老过程。确实，衰老已被证明是可以改变的。通过干预生物系统，例如营养感应，细胞衰老，系统环境和肠道微生物组，可以充分减缓衰老的表型以缓解与年龄有关的功能下降。这些干预措施还可以延缓动物模型中许多致残的慢性疾病的发作，包括癌症，心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病。在这里，我们根据临床前和某些临床结果的稳健性，研究了最有希望的减缓衰老的干预措施，并将其分为两层，其中顶层包括雷帕霉素，senolytics，二甲双胍，阿卡波糖，亚精胺，NAD ⁺增强剂和锂。然后，我们将重点放在这些干预措施的潜力以及使用这些药物进行临床试验的可行性上，其总体目标是在生命终结之前更长久地保持健康。