Abstract

Adipose tissue, an endocrine and paracrine organ, plays critical roles in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Obesity is accompanied with a chronic low-grade inflammation status in adipose tissue, which disrupts its endocrine function and results in metabolic derangements, such as type 2 diabetes. Dietary bioactive components, such as flavonoids, polyphenols and unsaturated fatty acids from fruits and vegetables, have been widely revealed to alleviate both systemic and adipose tissue inflammation, and improve metabolic disorders. Remarkably, some dietary bioactive components mitigate the inflammatory response in adipocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells, and modulate the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages or other immune cells, in adipose tissue. Epidemiological and preclinical studies related to these substances have indicated beneficial effects on adipose tissue inflammation. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date state of knowledge on dietary components targeting adipose tissue inflammation and their underlying mechanisms. These natural products have great potential to be developed as functional food or lead compounds for treating and/or preventing metabolic disorders.

摘要

脂肪组织是一种内分泌和旁分泌器官，在调节全身代谢稳态中起着关键作用。肥胖伴随着脂肪组织的慢性低度炎症状态，这会破坏其内分泌功能并导致代谢紊乱，例如 2 型糖尿病。来自水果和蔬菜的类黄酮、多酚和不饱和脂肪酸等膳食生物活性成分已被广泛发现可减轻全身和脂肪组织的炎症，并改善代谢紊乱。值得注意的是，一些膳食生物活性成分可减轻脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞的炎症反应，并调节脂肪组织中脂肪细胞与巨噬细胞或其他免疫细胞之间的串扰。与这些物质相关的流行病学和临床前研究表明对脂肪组织炎症有益。本综述的主要目的是提供关于针对脂肪组织炎症的膳食成分及其潜在机制的全面和最新的知识状态。这些天然产物在开发为功能性食品或用于治疗和/或预防代谢紊乱的先导化合物方面具有巨大潜力。