Acclimatization of tissue cultured plants to greenhouse or field conditions is the final and most crucial step of micropropagation. Hydroponic system has the potential to harden in vitro plants in an efficient and convenient way. Herein, in vitro regenerated plants of Trichosanthes kirilowii were cultured in 1/4, 1/2 and full strength Hoagland nutrient solution under a simple hydroponic system during acclimatization, respectively, and soil culture was prepared as a control. Morphological, physiological, anatomical and histochemical alterations of the plants treated by different concentrations of nutrient solution and soil conditions were analyzed after 30 days of growth. Results showed that all the three concentrations of nutrient solution significantly improved the survival rate, plant growth, pigment content, photosynthesis capacity, and stomatal density compared with those grown in soil, and there were no significant differences of the plant morphological parameters and the stomatal characteristics among the three hydroponic treatments. The plants grown in the 1/4 Hoagland solution yielded the highest net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, as might be attributed to their highest photosynthetic pigment content among the treatments. Anatomical and histochemical studies revealed that enlarged air spaces, multiple lignified Φ thickenings, and heavier suberin and lignin were formed in the cortex of the adventitious roots grown in 1/4 Hoagland nutrient solution as compared with those cultured in soil conditions, indicating that T. kirilowii had enough phenotypic plasticity in the root structure to grow in hydroponic conditions by formation of larger aerenchyma spaces and apoplastic barriers. This study clearly demonstrates that hydroponics is an alternative for the tissue cultured plants of T. kirilowii to adapt to great environmental changes during acclimatization.

组织培养植物适应温室或田间条件的适应是微繁殖的最后也是最关键的步骤。水培系统有可能以一种有效且方便的方式来硬化体外植物。在这里，木毛天花的离体再生植物在驯化过程中，分别在简单的水培系统中分别以1 / 4、1 / 2和全强度Hoagland营养液进行培养，并准备了土壤培养作为对照。生长30天后，分析了用不同浓度的营养液和土壤条件处理过的植物的形态，生理，解剖和组织化学变化。结果表明，与在土壤中生长的三种营养液相比，三种浓度的营养液均显着提高了成活率，植物生长，色素含量，光合作用能力和气孔密度，并且植物形态参数和气孔特性均无显着差异。在三种水培疗法中。在1/4 Hoagland溶液中生长的植物产生最高的净光合作用速率，蒸腾速率和气孔导度，可能归因于处理过程中其最高的光合色素含量。解剖和组织化学研究表明，与在土壤条件下培养的不定根相比，在1/4 Hoagland营养液中生长的不定根皮层中形成了更大的气隙，多个木质化的Φ增厚以及较重的木栓质和木质素。T. kirilowi​​i在根部结构中具有足够的表型可塑性，可以通过形成较大的气孔空间和质外体屏障来在水培条件下生长。这项研究清楚地表明，水培法是奇异罗非鱼组织培养植物适应环境变化的替代方法。