The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the clinicopathologic factors and either expression or co-expression of mesothelin and cancer antigen (CA) 125 in endometrial serous carcinoma and mixed carcinomas including serous carcinoma. Between 1990 and 2017, patients with endometrial serous carcinoma and mixed carcinoma including serous carcinoma treated by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at our hospital were identified. The association between either expression or co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 was evaluated by immunochemical analysis and the clinico-pathological features were retrospectively examined. Among the 40 patients included, 19, 31, and 18 patients exhibited single positive mesothelin, single positive CA125, and positive co-expression, respectively. The expression of mesothelin and CA125 was observed to be positively associated (p = 0.021). There was no significant association of age and FIGO stage with individual mesothelin or CA125 expression or their co-expression. Overall survival (OS), but not progression-free survivals (PFS), of only mesothelin-positive patients was worse (p = 0.024). Hence, OS and PFS of patients with positive co-expression were worse (PFS: p = 0.043, OS: p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis, single mesothelin expression and single CA125 expression did not lead to worse prognosis. However, positive co-expression was the worst prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio: 3.32, p = 0.039). Co-expression of mesothelin and CA125 may accurately predict OS in endometrial serous carcinoma and mixed carcinomas including serous carcinoma. Further studies should examine this relationship.

这项研究的目的是研究子宫内膜浆液性癌和混合性癌（包括浆液性癌）的临床病理因素与间皮素和癌抗原（CA）125的表达或共表达之间的关系。在1990年至2017年之间，我院确定了经全子宫切除术和双侧输卵管卵巢切除术治疗的子宫内膜浆液性癌和混合性癌（包括浆液性癌）患者。通过免疫化学分析评估间皮素与CA125的表达或共表达之间的关联，并回顾性检查临床病理特征。在包括的40例患者中，分别有19例，31例和18例患者的间皮素阳性，CA125阳性和共表达阳性。p  = 0.021）。年龄和FIGO分期与个体间皮素或CA125表达或它们的共表达没有显着相关性。仅间皮素阳性患者的总生存期（OS）较差，但无进展生存期（PFS）较差（p  = 0.024）。因此，共表达阳性患者的OS和PFS较差（PFS：p  = 0.043，OS：p  = 0.012）。在多变量分析中，间皮素单表达和单CA125表达未导致更差的预后。然而，阳性表达是OS的最差预后因素（危险比：3.32，p = 0.039）。间皮素和CA125的共表达可准确预测子宫内膜浆液性癌和混合性癌（包括浆液性癌）中的OS。进一步的研究应检查这种关系。