The ‘Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research’ (FAIR) in Darmstadt will provide unique research opportunities for the investigation of fundamental open questions related to nuclear physics and astrophysics, including the exploration of QCD matter under extreme conditions, which governs the structure and dynamics of cosmic objects and phenomena like neutron stars, supernova explosions, and neutron star mergers. The physics program of the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is devoted to the production and investigation of dense nuclear matter, with a focus on the high-density equation-of-state (EOS), and signatures for new phases of dense QCD matter. According to the present schedule, the CBM experiment will receive the first beams from the FAIR accelerators in 2025. This article reviews promising observables, outlines the CBM detector system, and presents results of physics performance studies.

位于达姆施塔特的“反质子和离子研究设施”(FAIR) 将为研究与核物理和天体物理学相关的基本开放性问题提供独特的研究机会，包括在极端条件下探索 QCD 物质，这控制着物质的结构和动力学。宇宙物体和现象，如中子星、超新星爆炸和中子星合并。压缩重子物质 (CBM) 实验的物理程序致力于致密核物质的产生和研究，重点是高密度状态方程 (EOS) 和致密 QCD 物质新相的特征. 根据目前的时间表，CBM 实验将在 2025 年接收来自 FAIR 加速器的第一束光束。本文回顾了有希望的可观测物，