Waste-activated sludge (WAS) with trace organic pollutants, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has become an environmental concern. Anaerobic technology is a feasible option for WAS treatment due to its advantages of low-energy consumption and high-energy recovery compared to aerobic technology, but it still has many shortcomings, such as low biogas production and a low organic pollutant removal efficiency. Thus, this study investigated the effects of cellulose on PAHs degradation and microbial community structure variation during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge. Four semicontinuous experiments were set by adding cellulose to sewage sludge based on the volatile solids (VS) concentration. The proportions of sludge VS to cellulose VS were 1:0 (CK), 1:0.2, 1:0.5 and 1:1. The results showed the following: (1) The biodegradation of 2-ring, 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs was enhanced by cellulose addition, with total PAHs removal efficiencies of 14.82%, 20.75% and 19.35%, respectively. (2) The abundance of bacteria that could degrade PAHs, such as Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Aminicenantes, Planctomycetes and Spirochaeta, was obviously increased by cellulose addition. (3) The abundance of Methanosaeta during sludge anaerobic digestion was apparently increased by cellulose addition. Methanobacterium and Methanolinea appeared after cellulose addition, while they were not observed in the blank experiment.

具有微量有机污染物（例如多环芳烃（PAHs））的废物活化污泥（WAS）已成为环境问题。与好氧技术相比，厌氧技术具有低能耗和高能量回收的优点，因此是WAS处理的可行选择，但仍存在许多不足，例如沼气产量低和有机污染物去除效率低。因此，本研究调查了厌氧消化污泥过程中纤维素对PAHs降解和微生物群落结构变化的影响。根据挥发性固体（VS）的浓度，将纤维素添加到污水污泥中进行了四个半连续实验。污泥VS与纤维素VS的比例为1∶0（CK），1∶0.2、1∶0.5和1∶1。结果显示如下：（1）通过添加纤维素增强了2环，3环和4环PAH的生物降解，总PAH去除效率分别为14.82％，20.75％和19.35％。（2）可能降解多环芳烃的细菌很多，例如绿弯菌门，拟杆菌，Aminicenantes，浮霉菌门和螺旋体，明显增加了纤维素的补充。（3）添加纤维素明显增加了污泥厌氧消化过程中甲烷菌的丰度。添加纤维素后出现甲烷杆菌和甲醇，而在空白实验中未观察到。