Nuclear lamins (NLs) are essential components of the animal cell nucleus involved in the regulation of a plethora of molecular and cellular processes. These include the nuclear envelope assembly and stability, mechanotransduction and chromatin organization, transcription, DNA replication, damage repair, and genomic integrity maintenance. Mutations in NLs can lead to the development of a wide range of distinct disease phenotypes, laminopathies, consisting of cardiac, neuromuscular, metabolic and premature aging syndromes. In addition, alterations in the expression of nuclear lamins were associated with different types of neoplastic diseases. Despite the importance and critical roles that NLs play in the diverse cellular activities, we only recently started to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing their expression, localization and functions. This integrative review summarizes and discusses the recent findings on the emerging roles of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) in the regulation of NLs, highlighting the intriguing molecular associations and cross-talks occurring between NLs and these regulatory molecules under physiological conditions and in the disease states.

中文翻译：

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泛素和类似泛素的修饰剂对核纤层蛋白的靶向调控。

核纤层蛋白（NLs）是动物细胞核的重要组成部分，涉及许多分子和细胞过程的调节。这些包括核被膜组装和稳定性，机械转导和染色质组织，转录，DNA复制，损伤修复和基因组完整性维护。NL中的突变可导致多种不同的疾病表型，椎间盘病变，包括心脏，神经肌肉，代谢和早衰综合症。另外，核纤层蛋白表达的改变与不同类型的赘生性疾病有关。尽管NL在各种细胞活动中发挥着重要作用和关键作用，但直到最近我们才开始发现控制其表达的调控机制的复杂性，本地化和功能。这项综合性综述总结并讨论了有关泛素和类泛素修饰剂（ULM）在NL调节中的新兴作用的最新发现，强调了在生理条件和生理条件下NL与这些调节分子之间发生的有趣分子关联和串扰。疾病状态。