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Can we reduce phosphorus runoff from agricultural fields by stimulating soil biota?
Journal of Environmental Quality ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 , DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20104
Jessica R. Susser 1 , Shannon L. Pelini 2 , Michael N. Weintraub 1
Affiliation  

When fertilizer phosphorus (P) is applied to soils, the P can run off fields and cause harmful algal blooms. Due to its chemistry, much of the added P that does not run off can bind to soil particles and become inaccessible to plants. In natural systems, microbial and faunal decomposers can increase soil P accessibility to plants. We tested the hypothesis that this may also be true in agricultural systems, which could increase P application efficiency and reduce runoff potential. We stimulated soil fauna with sodium (Na+ ) and microbes with carbon (C) by adding corn (Zea mays L.) stover and Na+ solution to plots in conventionally managed corn fields in northwestern Ohio. Stover addition increased microbial biomass by 65 ± 12% and respiration by 400-700%. Application of stover with Na+ increased soil detritivore fauna abundance by 51 ± 20% and likely did not affect the other invertebrate guilds. However, soil biological activity was low compared with natural systems in all treatments and was not correlated with instantaneous measures of P accessibility, though cumulative P accessibility over the course of the growing season was correlated with microbial phosphatase activity (slope = 1.01, p < .01) and respiration (slope = 0.42, p = .02). Therefore, in agricultural systems, treatments to stimulate decomposers already in those systems may be ineffective at increasing soil P accessibility in the short term, but in the long term, higher microbial activities can be associated with higher soil P accessibility.

中文翻译:

我们可以通过刺激土壤生物群来减少农田的磷径流吗?

当肥料磷 (P) 施用于土壤时,P 会从田地流失并导致有害的藻类大量繁殖。由于其化学性质,大部分不会流失的添加磷会与土壤颗粒结合,从而使植物无法进入。在自然系统中,微生物和动物分解者可以增加植物对土壤磷的可及性。我们检验了这样的假设,即这在农业系统中也可能成立,这可以提高磷的施用效率并降低径流潜力。我们通过在俄亥俄州西北部传统管理的玉米田地块中添加玉米 (Zea mays L.) 秸秆和 Na+ 溶液,用钠 (Na+) 刺激土壤动物群,用碳 (C) 刺激微生物。添加秸秆使微生物生物量增加了 65±12%,呼吸增加了 400-700%。施用含 Na+ 的秸秆使土壤碎屑动物群的丰度增加了 51 ± 20%,并且可能不会影响其他无脊椎动物行会。然而,与所有处理的自然系统相比,土壤生物活性较低,并且与磷可及性的瞬时测量无关,尽管生长季节过程中累积的磷可及性与微生物磷酸酶活性相关(斜率 = 1.01,p < . 01) 和呼吸(斜率 = 0.42,p = .02)。因此,在农业系统中,刺激这些系统中已经存在的分解者的处理在短期内可能无法提高土壤磷的可及性,但从长远来看,较高的微生物活动可能与较高的土壤磷可及性相关。在所有处理中,土壤生物活性与自然系统相比较低,并且与 P 可及性的瞬时测量无关,尽管生长季节过程中的累积 P 可及性与微生物磷酸酶活性相关(斜率 = 1.01,p < .01)和呼吸(斜率 = 0.42,p = .02)。因此,在农业系统中,刺激这些系统中已经存在的分解者的处理在短期内可能无法提高土壤磷的可及性,但从长远来看,较高的微生物活动可能与较高的土壤磷可及性相关。在所有处理中,土壤生物活性与自然系统相比较低,并且与 P 可及性的瞬时测量无关,尽管生长季节过程中的累积 P 可及性与微生物磷酸酶活性相关(斜率 = 1.01,p < .01)和呼吸(斜率 = 0.42,p = .02)。因此,在农业系统中,刺激这些系统中已经存在的分解者的处理在短期内可能无法提高土壤磷的可及性,但从长远来看,较高的微生物活动可能与较高的土壤磷可及性相关。尽管生长季节过程中累积的磷可及性与微生物磷酸酶活性(斜率 = 1.01,p < .01)和呼吸(斜率 = 0.42,p = .02)相关。因此,在农业系统中,刺激这些系统中已经存在的分解者的处理在短期内可能无法提高土壤磷的可及性,但从长远来看,较高的微生物活动可能与较高的土壤磷可及性相关。尽管生长季节过程中累积的磷可及性与微生物磷酸酶活性(斜率 = 1.01,p < .01)和呼吸(斜率 = 0.42,p = .02)相关。因此,在农业系统中,刺激这些系统中已经存在的分解者的处理在短期内可能无法提高土壤磷的可及性,但从长远来看,较高的微生物活动可能与较高的土壤磷可及性相关。
更新日期:2020-07-01
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