The present study describes a novel yeast model for the prediction of yeast fermentation. The proposed model considers the possible metabolic pathways of yeast. For each pathway, the time evolution of components, energy (ATP/ADP), and electron carriers (NAD⁺/NADH) are expressed with limitation factors for all quantities consumed by each respective pathway. In this manner, the model can predict the partition of these pathways based on the growth conditions and their evolution over time. Several biological pathways and their stoichiometric coefficients are well known from literature. It is important to note that most of the kinetic parameters have no effect as the actual kinetics are controlled by the balance of limiting factors. The few remaining parameters were adjusted and compared with the literature when the data set was available. The model fits our experimental data from yeast fermentation on glucose in a nonaerated batch system. The predictive ability of the model and its capacity to represent the intensity of each pathway over time facilitate an improved understanding of the interactions between the pathways. The key role of energy (ATP) and electron carrier (NAD⁺) to trigger the different metabolic pathways during yeast growth is highlighted, whereas the involvement of mitochondrial respiration not being associated with the TCA cycle is also shown.

中文翻译：

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基于组分、能量和电子载体平衡的预测性动态酵母模型。

本研究描述了一种用于预测酵母发酵的新型酵母模型。所提出的模型考虑了酵母可能的代谢途径。对于每个途径，组分、能量 (ATP/ADP) 和电子载体 (NAD ⁺/NADH) 表示为每个相应途径消耗的所有数量的限制因素。通过这种方式，模型可以根据生长条件及其随时间的演变来预测这些途径的划分。几种生物途径及其化学计量系数在文献中是众所周知的。重要的是要注意大多数动力学参数没有影响，因为实际动力学受限制因素的平衡控制。当数据集可用时，调整剩余的少数参数并与文献进行比较。该模型符合我们在非充气分批系统中对葡萄糖进行酵母发酵的实验数据。该模型的预测能力及其表示每个通路随时间变化的强度的能力有助于更好地理解通路之间的相互作用。能量（ATP）和电子载体（NAD）的关键作用⁺ ) 在酵母生长过程中触发不同的代谢途径被突出显示，同时还显示了与 TCA 循环无关的线粒体呼吸的参与。