Abstract The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is the largest gene family and is associated with the transport of various molecules, such as heavy metal ions, secondary metabolites, and phytohormones. Strawberry is an important berry fruit and a model plant for studying fleshy fruits. However, the ABC gene family has not been identified in strawberry. In present study, 115 putative ABC genes were identified in the genome of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). Based on the phylogenetic analysis results, the ABC genes were grouped into eight subfamilies (6 ABCAs, 29 ABCBs, 16 ABCCs, 1 ABCDs, 2 ABCEs, 5 ABCFs, 46 ABCGs, and 10 ABCIs). Additionally, gene structure analysis revealed that the intron-exon patterns of the ABC genes are not conserved in F. vesca. Some additional conserved motifs with group specificity were found. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated ABCC subfamily gene expression across different fruit and seed developmental stages and organ profiling revealed functional diversification. Most ABCC genes exhibited preferential expression in the stems and leaves. All ABCC genes showed significant increases during the seed development stages but only ABCC8 and ABCC11 showed significant increases during fruit development. The significant changes of the 16 ABCC genes exhibited during abiotic stress treatments suggested that they might be stress-responsive genes. Over-expression of FvABCC11 in Arabidopsis partially restored seedling development under cadmium (Cd) treatment, indicated that FvABCC11 increased Cd tolerance. The results of this study provide useful information for heavy metal resistance that can be utilized to improve agricultural production.

中文翻译：

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草莓中 ATP 结合盒 (ABC) 转运蛋白的全基因组表征和表达分析揭示了 FvABCC11 在镉耐受中的作用

摘要 ATP 结合盒(ABC) 转运蛋白是最大的基因家族，与重金属离子、次级代谢产物和植物激素等多种分子的转运有关。草莓是一种重要的浆果，是研究肉质果实的模式植物。然而，尚未在草莓中鉴定出 ABC 基因家族。在本研究中，在林地草莓 (Fragaria vesca) 的基因组中鉴定了 115 个假定的 ABC 基因。根据系统发育分析结果，将ABC基因分为8个亚科（6个ABCA、29个ABCB、16个ABCC、1个ABCD、2个ABCE、5个ABCF、46个ABCG和10个ABCI）。此外，基因结构分析显示 ABC 基因的内含子-外显子模式在 F. vesca 中不保守。发现了一些具有组特异性的额外保守基序。定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (qRT-PCR) 分析表明，不同果实和种子发育阶段的 ABCC 亚家族基因表达和器官分析揭示了功能多样化。大多数 ABCC 基因在茎和叶中表现出优先表达。所有 ABCC 基因在种子发育阶段都显示出显着增加，但只有 ABCC8 和 ABCC11 在果实发育期间显示出显着增加。16 个 ABCC 基因在非生物胁迫处理期间表现出的显着变化表明它们可能是胁迫响应基因。FvABCC11 在拟南芥中的过表达在镉 (Cd) 处理下部分恢复了幼苗发育，表明 FvABCC11 增加了 Cd 耐受性。