The study presents data on the karyotype characteristics and features of chromosomal polymorphism of Chironomus nuditarsis Keyl, 1961 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from seven natural populations of Caucasus (Northwest, Central and East Caucasus). We found 16 banding sequences in the Caucasian populations. We observed inversion polymorphism almost in all chromosome arms except for arms C and E. The genetic distances between all the studied populations of Ch. nuditarsis were calculated using Nei criteria (1972). In spite of relative geographic proximity, the genetic distances between populations of the Caucasus are quite big, and they do not form a single cluster of Caucasian populations. The population of the Northwest Caucasus goes to European cluster; the populations of Central and East Caucasus form their own separate clusters. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows the similar picture. We suggest that such a clear separation of Caucasian populations in distinct clusters is a result of differences of collection sites in terms of geography and climate (complex diverse terrain and microclimate conditions). Four of the Caucasian populations do not follow Hardy-Weinberg expectation. In two populations, there being a marked deficiency of heterozygotes in arms B, F and G. In two other populations, there being a marked excess of heterozygotes in arms B and G. One can suggest that observed pictures could be a reflection of multi-directional selection of heterozygotes in different populations. The populations of Ch. nuditarsis from different parts of the Caucasus possibly diverged from each other at the level of subspecies. All the obtained data are indicative of the complex genetic structure of Caucasian populations of Ch. nuditarsis and total complexity of microevolution processes occurring in the Caucasus region.

该研究提供了来自七个高加索自然种群（西北，中部和东部高加索地区）的Chironomus nuditarsis Keyl，1961（Diptera，Chironomidae）的染色体核型特征和染色体多态性特征的数据。我们在高加索人群中发现了16条带状序列。我们观察到几乎除了C和E臂以外的所有染色体臂都存在反向多态性。所有研究的Ch种群之间的遗传距离。神经炎使用Nei标准（1972）计算得出。尽管地理上相对接近，但高加索人口之间的遗传距离还是很大的，它们并没有形成一个单一的高加索人口群体。西北高加索地区的人口流向欧洲。中高加索地区和东高加索地区的人口形成各自独立的集群。主成分分析（PCA）显示了相似的图片。我们认为，这样的高加索人群在不同集群中的明显分离是由于地理和气候（复杂多样的地形和微气候条件）而造成的采集地点的差异。高加索人口中有四个没有遵循Hardy-Weinberg的期望。在两个种群中，B，F和G组中的杂合子明显不足。在另外两个种群中，B和G臂中杂合子明显过量。有人认为观察到的图片可能反映了不同人群中杂合子的多方向选择。的人口频道 高加索地区不同地区的自然营养可能在亚种水平上彼此不同。所有获得的数据都表明了中华绒螯蟹白种人种群的复杂遗传结构。高加索地区发生的微演化过程的总营养价值和复杂性。