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A model for the yield losses estimation in an early soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivar depending on the cutting height at harvest
Field Crops Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107846
K. Rębilas , A. Klimek-Kopyra , M. Bacior , T. Zając

Abstract Growing interest in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivation, especially in the temperate climate zone, necessitates the search for high-yielding varieties with an optimal growing period. In Europe, it is recommended to cultivate early (00) and very early (000) varieties, which due to their biology form the first pair of pods very low, just above the ground. This unfortunately generates losses during harvest. The literature lacks information on the sowing density at which pod-setting in early varieties soybean is highest and what losses this entails during cutting. The objective of this work was to create a mathematical model for estimating seed yield losses depending on varying cutting height applied during harvest and the sowing density. To achieve the goal the position of fruiting nodes and productivity of pods depending on sowing density for the early soybean variety was determined. Availability of water during vegetation period was an important factor having impact on the pods position on stem and therefore strongly influenced seed weight losses caused by the cutting process. According to the model estimations the lowest losses were obtained for the years with the sufficient precipitation during vegetation period and in essence they never exceeded the value of 15 g m−2 even for the highest level of cutting (15 cm) applied during harvest. For all sowing densities (20–140 seeds m−2), the increase of cutting height from 5 up to 10 cm caused increase of seed yield losses typically about two- and threefold. However at the cutting height of 15 cm the losses increased even seven- and eight-fold, especially for the very high sowing densities. The highest percentage seed yield losses (11%) were demonstrated at the lowest sowing density (20 seeds m−2). In the case of favourable distribution of rainfall, high sowing density (80–140 seeds m-2) is recommended because it ensures high yield of soybean. Sowing density of 80 seeds m−2 can be recommended as optimal density from an economic point of view because it provides a relatively high seed yield with the lowest percentage losses and smaller seed costs compared to higher densities giving similar yield.

中文翻译:

根据收获时的切割高度估算早期大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)品种产量损失的模型

摘要 大豆 (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) 种植的兴趣日益浓厚,特别是在温带气候区,需要寻找具有最佳生长期的高产品种。在欧洲,建议种植早 (00) 和极早 (000) 品种,由于它们的生物学特性,第一对豆荚非常低,仅在地面上方。不幸的是,这会在收获期间造成损失。文献缺乏关于早期品种大豆结荚最高的播种密度以及在切割过程中会造成什么损失的信息。这项工作的目的是创建一个数学模型,用于根据收获期间应用的不同切割高度和播种密度来估算种子产量损失。为了实现这一目标,根据早期大豆品种的播种密度,确定了结果节点的位置和豆荚的生产力。植被时期水分的可用性是影响茎上豆荚位置的重要因素,因此强烈影响切割过程造成的种子重量损失。根据模型估计,在植被时期降水充足的年份中获得的损失最低,并且本质上它们从未超过 15 gm-2 的值,即使在收获期间应用的最高水平切割(15 cm)。对于所有播种密度(20-140 粒种子 m-2),切割高度从 5 厘米增加到 10 厘米会导致种子产量损失增加,通常约为 2 到 3 倍。然而,在 15 厘米的切割高度时,损失甚至增加了七倍和八倍,特别是对于非常高的播种密度。在最低播种密度(20 粒种子 m-2)下表现出最高百分比的种子产量损失 (11%)。在降雨分布有利的情况下,建议采用高播种密度(80-140 粒 m-2),因为这样可以确保大豆的高产。从经济角度来看,80 粒种子 m−2 的播种密度可以推荐为最佳密度,因为与提供相似产量的更高密度相比,它提供了相对较高的种子产量、最低的百分比损失和更小的种子成本。在降雨分布有利的情况下,建议采用高播种密度(80-140 粒 m-2),因为这样可以确保大豆的高产。从经济角度来看,80 粒种子 m−2 的播种密度可以推荐为最佳密度,因为与提供相似产量的更高密度相比,它提供了相对较高的种子产量、最低的百分比损失和更小的种子成本。在降雨分布有利的情况下,建议采用高播种密度(80-140 粒 m-2),因为这样可以确保大豆的高产。从经济角度来看,80 粒种子 m−2 的播种密度可以推荐为最佳密度,因为与提供相似产量的更高密度相比,它提供了相对较高的种子产量、最低的百分比损失和更小的种子成本。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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