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A Tropical Cyclone-Induced Ecological Regime Shift: Mangrove Forest Conversion to Mudflat in Everglades National Park (Florida, USA)
Wetlands ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s13157-020-01291-8
Michael J. Osland , Laura C. Feher , Gordon H. Anderson , William C. Vervaeke , Ken W. Krauss , Kevin R.T. Whelan , Karen M. Balentine , Ginger Tiling-Range , Thomas J. Smith , Donald R. Cahoon

The ecological effects of tropical cyclones on mangrove forests are diverse and highly location- and cyclone-dependent. Ecological resistance, resilience, and enhancement are terms that describe most mangrove forest responses to tropical cyclones. However, in the most extreme cases, tropical cyclones can trigger abrupt and irreversible ecological transformations (i.e., ecological regime shifts). Here, we examine a cyclone-induced ecological regime shift that occurred in Everglades National Park (USA), where forest mortality and peat collapse due to a powerful tropical cyclone (the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane) led to the conversion of mangrove forests to mudflats and an estimated elevation loss of approximately 75 cm. We investigated soil elevation change measured in these mangrove forests and adjacent mudflats during a twenty-year period [1998–2018] using Surface Elevation Table-Marker Horizon (SET-MH) methods. This period encompasses the effects of Hurricanes Wilma (2005) and Irma (2017). We also used historical sea-level rise rates and future sea-level rise scenarios to estimate surface elevation changes in the past (1930–1998) and to illustrate elevation gains needed for these ecosystems to adapt to future change. Collectively, our findings advance understanding of the long-term effects of cyclone-induced ecological regime shifts due to forest mortality, peat collapse, and conversion of mangrove forests to mudflats.



中文翻译:

热带气旋引起的生态制度转变:美国大沼泽国家公园(美国佛罗里达州)的红树林转化为泥滩

热带气旋对红树林的生态影响是多样的,并且高度依赖于位置和气旋。生态抵抗力,复原力和增强作用是描述大多数红树林对热带气旋的反应的术语。但是,在最极端的情况下,热带气旋会触发突然且不可逆的生态转变(即生态系统转移)。在这里,我们研究了在美国大沼泽国家公园发生的由飓风引起的生态系统转变,该地区的森林死亡和泥炭由于强大的热带气旋(1935年劳动节飓风)而崩溃,导致红树林转化为滩涂和估计的仰角损失约为75厘米。我们调查了在20年期间[1998-2018]在这些红树林和附近的滩涂中测得的土壤海拔变化,方法是使用地面海拔表-标记层地平线(SET-MH)方法。这一时期包括飓风威尔玛(2005)和艾尔玛(2017)的影响。我们还使用了历史海平面上升率和未来海平面上升情景来估计过去(1930-1998)的地表海拔变化,并说明了这些生态系统适应未来变化所需的海拔升高。总体而言,我们的发现使人们对由于森林死亡,泥炭倒塌以及红树林转化为滩涂而引起的气旋引起的生态系统变化的长期影响有了更深入的了解。我们还使用了历史海平面上升率和未来海平面上升情景来估计过去(1930-1998)的地表海拔变化,并说明了这些生态系统适应未来变化所需的海拔升高。总的来说,我们的发现使人们对由于森林死亡,泥炭倒塌以及红树林转化为滩涂而引起的旋风引起的生态系统变化的长期影响有了更深入的了解。我们还使用了历史海平面上升率和未来海平面上升情景来估计过去(1930-1998)的地表海拔变化,并说明了这些生态系统适应未来变化所需的海拔升高。总体而言,我们的发现使人们对由于森林死亡,泥炭倒塌以及红树林转化为滩涂而引起的气旋引起的生态系统变化的长期影响有了更深入的了解。

更新日期:2020-05-26
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