Alkylphenols (AP_s)—nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP)—are well-known environmental contaminants due to their widespread application and have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A novel AP_s-tolerant fungus designated F6 was isolated from the bottom sediments of the coastal part of the Eastern Gulf of Finland (Neva Bay) and was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis F6 based on ITS sequencing and morphological analysis. The AP_s presence caused morphological and ultrastructural changes in fungal cells. Major differences were detected in mitochondria, vacuoles, and cell walls. Nonenzymatic antioxidants—pigments, reduced glutathione, exopolysaccharides—played important roles in A. tubingensis F6 resistance to AP_s toxicity. A low level of lipid peroxidation showed that the protective effects of the antioxidant system were sufficient despite the fact that antioxidant enzymes activity levels were low. Another defense response employed by A. tubingensis F6 against the tNP- and 4-tert-OP-induced stress was based on the ability of the strain to efficiently utilize xenobiotics. After 120 h of cultivation, < 10% of AP_s (initially added to the culture at 100 mg/l) remained in the culture medium of A. tubingensis F6. The AP_s degradation by A. tubingensis F6 led to the formation of nontoxic products. These data indicate the potential role for A. tubingensis F6 in AP_s degradation in natural environments, as well as its possible biotechnological application in wastewater treatment to remove xenobiotics with endocrine activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that marine-derived fungus A. tubingensis strain is capable of utilizing branched-chain NP and OP.

中文翻译：

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海洋衍生油管植物曲霉对烷基酚胁迫的防御反应

烷基酚（AP _s）-壬基酚（NP）和辛基酚（OP）-由于其广泛应用而成为众所周知的环境污染物，并已被确定为破坏内分泌的化学物质。从芬兰东湾（Neva湾）沿海底部沉积物中分离到一种新_的抗APs耐性真菌F6，根据ITS测序和形态学分析将其鉴定为管曲霉F6。AP_的存在引起真菌细胞的形态和超微结构变化。在线粒体，液泡和细胞壁中检测到主要差异。非酶抗氧化剂-色素，还原型谷胱甘肽，胞外多糖-在油曲霉中起重要作用F6抗AP_的毒性。低水平的脂质过氧化表明，尽管抗氧化酶活性水平较低，但抗氧化剂系统的保护作用仍然足够。油曲霉F6对tNP-和4-叔-OP诱导的胁迫采用的另一种防御反应是基于菌株有效利用异种生物的能力。培养120小时后，＜10％的AP _s（最初以100 mg / l添加到培养物中）保留在油曲霉F6的培养基中。油曲霉F6对AP_的降解导致无毒产物的形成。这些数据表明了潜在的作用塔宾在AP F6_小号降解在自然环境中，以及在废水处理其可能的生物技术应用，以删除与内分泌活动外源性化学物质。据我们所知，这是第一份证明海洋来源的油曲霉菌株能够利用支链NP和OP的报告。