Sonodynamic therapy was appeared as a minimally invasive treatment that is based on the use of low-intensity ultrasound waves with a chemical agent that can be activated by ultrasound (US). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hematoporphyrin (HP) and hematoporphyrin-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HP-MSN) with sonodynamic therapy in an animal model of breast adenocarcinoma. In this study, 96 Balb/C female mice with grafted breast adenocarcinoma were divided to 16 groups each containing 6 mice including: control, sham, HP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), HP-MSN (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), 3 MHz US (1 and 2 W/cm²), US + HP (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and US + HP-MSN (2.5 and 5 mg/kg). The tumor relative volume, tumor growth inhibition ratio (TGI), the time of tumor growth (T2 and T5-times) and tumor grading were used to evaluate the treatment outcome. The relative volume parameters and TGI% of 3 MHz US (2 W/cm²) and HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) groups were effective in delaying tumor growth when compared with control and sham at the middle of observation. The time required for tumor to reach two-times (T2) the initial volume in the case of HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) group was greater than that sham and control groups. Analysis of data showed that the groups of US (2 W/cm²) + HP (5 mg/kg), US (1 W/cm²) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) and US (2 W/cm²) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) indicated antitumor effects from days 18 to 30 after treatment. TGI% in these groups is 54, 45 and 39%, respectively, and the time of T2 and T5 is greater than that in the control and sham. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the 45-day survival was 60% for the group treated with US (2 W/cm²) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg). In histopathological study, all experimental groups had a poorly differentiated grading except of US (2 W/cm²) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) group which has a moderately differentiated degree based on Bloom-Richardson classification. Based on the results, we found that sonodynamic therapy with HP-MSN have an antitumor effect on mice breast adenocarcinoma. Conventional treatments for cancer are still far from ideal in terms of systemic toxicity, tumor-selectivity and side effects. Therefore, the development of highly selective and minimally invasive therapies such as sonodynamic therapy is necessary.

中文翻译：

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HP-MSN的声波动力疗法治疗小鼠乳腺腺癌

声动力疗法是一种微创疗法，它是基于低强度超声波与可被超声波（US）激活的化学试剂的使用。这项研究的目的是评估声波疗法对乳腺腺癌动物模型中血卟啉（HP）和血卟啉包封的介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（HP-MSN）的作用。在这项研究中，将96例Balb / C雌性移植乳腺腺癌小鼠分为16组，每组包含6只小鼠，包括：对照，假手术，HP（2.5和5 mg / kg），HP-MSN（2.5和5 mg / kg） ，3 MHz US（1和2 W / cm ²），US + HP（2.5和5 mg / kg）和US + HP-MSN（2.5和5 mg / kg）。使用肿瘤相对体积，肿瘤生长抑制率（TGI），肿瘤生长时间（T2和T5倍）和肿瘤分级来评估治疗结果。与对照组和假手术组相比，3 MHz US（2 W / cm ²）和HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）组的相对体积参数和TGI％在延迟肿瘤生长方面有效。HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）组的肿瘤达到初始体积的两倍（T2）所需的时间大于假手术和对照组。数据分析显示，US（2 W / cm ²）+ HP（5 mg / kg），US（1 W / cm ²）+ HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）和US（2 W / cm）组²）+ HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）从治疗后第18天到第30天显示出抗肿瘤作用。这些组的TGI％分别为54、45和39％，并且T2和T5的时间大于对照组和假组的时间。Kaplan–Meier分析显示，用US（2 W / cm ²）+ HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）治疗的组的45天生存率为60％。在组织病理学研究中，除了US（2 W / cm ²）+ HP-MSN（5 mg / kg）组，根据Bloom-Richardson分类具有中等程度的区分度。根据结果​​，我们发现使用HP-MSN进行声动力疗法对小鼠乳腺腺癌具有抗肿瘤作用。就全身毒性，肿瘤选择性和副作用而言，常规的癌症治疗方法仍远非理想。因此，有必要开发高选择性和微创疗法，例如声动力疗法。