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Evolution of the Mammalian Ear: An Evolvability Hypothesis.
Evolutionary Biology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s11692-020-09502-0
Anne Le Maître 1, 2, 3 , Nicole D S Grunstra 1, 4, 5 , Cathrin Pfaff 2 , Philipp Mitteroecker 1, 4
Affiliation  

Encapsulated within the temporal bone and comprising the smallest elements of the vertebrate skeleton, the ear is key to multiple senses: balance, posture control, gaze stabilization, and hearing. The transformation of the primary jaw joint into the mammalian ear ossicles is one of the most iconic transitions in vertebrate evolution, but the drivers of this complex evolutionary trajectory are not fully understood. We propose a novel hypothesis: The incorporation of the bones of the primary jaw joint into the middle ear has considerably increased the genetic, regulatory, and developmental complexity of the mammalian ear. This increase in the number of genetic and developmental factors may, in turn, have increased the evolutionary degrees of freedom for independent adaptations of the different functional ear units. The simpler ear anatomy in birds and reptiles may be less susceptible to developmental instabilities and disorders than in mammals but also more constrained in its evolution. Despite the tight spatial entanglement of functional ear components, the increased “evolvability” of the mammalian ear may have contributed to the evolutionary success and adaptive diversification of mammals in the vast diversity of ecological and behavioral niches observable today. A brief literature review revealed supporting evidence for this hypothesis.

中文翻译:

哺乳动物耳朵的进化:可进化性假说。

耳朵被封装在颞骨内,包括脊椎动物骨骼的最小元素,是多种感觉的关键:平衡,姿势控制,凝视稳定和听力。初级颌骨关节向哺乳动物耳小骨的转变是脊椎动物进化中最具标志性的转变之一,但这种复杂的进化轨迹的驱动因素尚未得到充分理解。我们提出了一个新的假设:将主颚关节的骨头并入中耳已经大大增加了哺乳动物耳朵的遗传,调节和发育复杂性。遗传和发育因素数量的增加可能反过来又增加了不同功能耳单元独立适应的进化自由度。与哺乳动物相比,鸟类和爬行动物的耳朵解剖结构更不容易受到发育不稳定性和疾病的影响,但在进化方面受到更大的限制。尽管功能性耳朵组件在空间上纠缠不清,但哺乳动物耳朵在当今可观察到的生态和行为生态位的千差万别中,不断增强的“进化性”可能有助于哺乳动物的进化成功和适应性多样化。简短的文献综述揭示了该假设的支持证据。哺乳动物耳朵不断增强的“可进化性”可能有助于在当今可观察到的生态和行为生态位的众多多样性中促进哺乳动物的进化成功和适应性多样化。简短的文献综述揭示了该假设的支持证据。哺乳动物耳朵不断增强的“可进化性”可能有助于在当今可观察到的生态和行为生态位的众多多样性中促进哺乳动物的进化成功和适应性多样化。简短的文献综述揭示了该假设的支持证据。
更新日期:2020-05-27
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